Isi ọrụ ise maka mmepe nke ngwaahịa seramiiki n'ọdịnihu

Ụlọ ọrụ maka ụgbọ ala eletrik

 

China mepụtara ma ree ụgbọ ala ume ọhụrụ 6.253 na nde 6.067, n'otu n'otu, n'etiti Jenụwarị na Nọvemba, ihe dị ka 100% kwa afọ, yana oke ahịa 25%, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha ọhụrụ sitere na China Association of Automobile Manufacturers. Tinyere mmepụta na uto ahịa nke karịrị ahịa ahịa n'oge ahụ, ntinye ụgbọ ala ike ọhụrụ karịrị 36% ma na-aga n'ihu na-ebili. Teknụzụ ụgbọ ala eletrik na-aga n'ihu mgbe niile, nke mere ka ọ dị ngwa ngbanwe nke atụmatụ na akụrụngwa ya. Ojiji nke ụgbọ ala eletrik ọhụrụ anabatala nke ọma ihe seramiiki dị elu n'ihi uru arụmọrụ ha pụrụ iche.

N'ime ha, HIP silicon nitride na-ebu bọọlụ na ihe mkpuchi silicon nitride dị elu juru ebe niile.

 

 

01 HIP bọọlụ maka Silicon Nitride Bearings

Ngwongwo moto maka ụgbọ ala ume ọhụrụ na-achọ njupụta dị ala yana ihe ndị na-egbochi ike eyi karịa n'ihi ọnụego ntụgharị ha dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọkọlọtọ bearings. Na silicon nitride ceramic bearings, bọọlụ na-emepụta obere okpomọkụ na esemokwu n'ime sistemu ibu. Kpọmkwem, silicon nitride bụ ihe mkpuchi eletrik na-apụta n'okike nke nwere ike igbochi corrosion eletrik ka ọ ghara ibupụta mpụta, gbatịa ndụ mmanụ mmanu na bearings, ma mechaa kpata ọdịda. Ọ dị mma maka ojiji na mpaghara dị iche iche, gụnyere ụgbọ ala eletrik.

 

Igwe mmiri seramiiki na-edochi nchara nchara n'oge draịva eletrik. Silicon nitride seramiiki bọọlụ mkpuchi mkpuchi na-eji ụlọ Xiaopeng P7, G9, Weilai ET7, na ụdị ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ogwe mmepụta nke moto nke Tesla na-eji na-eji seramiiki bearings, ngwakọ ceramic bearings nke NSK mere, yana bọọlụ na-ebu nke 50 silicon nitride bọọlụ.

Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) na gas pressure sintering (GPS) bụ usoro nkwadebe abụọ kachasị ewu ewu maka ịgbanye bọọlụ seramiiki nitride. Ụzọ abụọ a na-ewepụta bọọlụ seramiiki nke a na-ejikarị n'ọtụtụ ntọala. HIP silicon nitride na-enye àgwà ọrụ dị elu yana ndụ ike ọgwụgwụ karịa GPS silicon nitride.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụlọ ọrụ si mba ọzọ a ma ama na-aga n'ihu na-achịkwa oke ahịa mba ụwa na ntụzịaka mmepe, ebe ụlọ ọrụ Japan, European na America na-aga n'ihu na-achịkwa n'ichepụta ngwaahịa seramiiki dị elu. 2015 hụrụ nguzobe nke National Materials High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. na mba m.

mere ọganihu dị ịrịba ama na teknụzụ maka oke na-emepụta bọọlụ seramiiki silicon nitride na-ekpo ọkụ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ mbụ na China iji guzobe mmepụta ihe ndị a na ụlọ ọrụ nke atọ n'ozuzu ya, n'azụ Toshiba na Japan na Kustec na United States. SKF dị na Sweden, Timken dị na US, GMN na Germany, na Forsa dị na Spen so ná mba ndị a na-ebuga ngwaahịa ya. Ọzọkwa, Sinoceramic Jinsheng na ndị ọzọ na-eji ụzọ ndị yiri ya na-emepụta bọọlụ na-ebu silicon nitride nwere ike ịgbagọ 1000 MPa.

 

 

02 Igwe ọkụ dị elu nke silicon nitride ceramic substrate

Silicon nitride ceramic substrates na-ejikarị na nkeji ike, ngwaọrụ semiconductor na ndị na-atụgharị ụgbọ ala eletrik dị ọcha (EV) na ụgbọ ala eletrik ngwakọ (HEV), ma nwee nnukwu ikike ahịa na atụmanya ngwa.

Ugbu a, ehulata ike nke 650 MPa, mgbaji siri ike nke 5-7 MPa·m1 / 2, na thermal conductivity nke 85 W / (m·K) ka a chọrọ maka azụmahịa ojiji nke elu thermal conductivity silicon nitride seramiiki substrate ihe. Otu Toshiba, Hitachi Metals, Nippon Electric Chemical, Maruwa, na Nippon Fine Ceramics bụ ụlọ ọrụ izizi nwere ikike imepụta ihe na-emepụta seramiiki silicon nitride nwere oke ikuku.

 

Na mgbakwunye, enweela ọganihu ụfọdụ na nyocha ụlọ na ihe ndị dị na seramiiki silicon nitride. Site n'ịkwalite usoro na usoro sintering, Beijing Sinoma Artificial Crystal Research Institute Co., Ltd. akwadola nke ọma silicon nitride ceramic substrate na ike na-ehulata nke 700-800MPa, mgbaji siri ike nke ≥8MPa·m1 / 2, na ikuku okpomọkụ nke ≥80W / (m · K). Mkpụrụ seramiiki silicon nitride nke ụlọ ọrụ Beijing nke Sinoma High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd rụpụtara na-eji usoro nkedo teepu nwere ihe nrụpụta ọkụ nke 100 W/(m·K).

 

Ụgbọ ala eletrik na-abịaru nso na ọgụgụ isi ugbu a n'ihi mmụba na-arịwanye elu nke ụgbọ ala ume ọhụrụ na mmepe nke ọgụgụ isi (AI). Ndị na-emepụta ụgbọala egosila mmasị n'ụdị seramiiki dị iche iche, gụnyere ngwongwo lidar, breeki seramiiki carbon, ikike MLCC dị elu, seramiiki thermal conductive ihe, wdg.

 

Imepụta nke semiconductors

Iwu mmepụta nke "otu ọgbọ nke nkà na ụzụ, otu ọgbọ usoro, otu ọgbọ nke ngwá ọrụ" na-achịkwa ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor, na ọganihu na nkà na ụzụ nkenke dị oke mkpa maka imeziwanye na nhazi nke ngwa semiconductor. Akụkụ seramiiki ziri ezi bụ ihe kacha anọchite anya akụkụ nkenke nke semiconductor n'etiti ha. A na-eji ha n'ọtụtụ usoro nrụpụta semiconductor dị mkpa, gụnyere etching, ntinye vapor kemịkalụ, ntinye ikuku anụ ahụ, na ntinye ion. dị ka igwe ejizi ogwe aka, chucks electrostatic, liners, rails na-eduzi, na bearings, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke nkwụsi ike, nchekwa, na ndọpụ uche, karịsịa n'ime oghere akụrụngwa.

 

Mmepụta nke semiconductor Ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor na-achịkwa iwu ụlọ ọrụ nke "otu ọgbọ nke nkà na ụzụ, otu ọgbọ nke usoro, otu ọgbọ nke ngwá ọrụ," na imeziwanye nkà na ụzụ akụkụ nkenke dị mkpa maka imeziwanye na nhazi nke igwe semiconductor. N'ime ihe niile a na-eji maka akụkụ ziri ezi nke semiconductor, akụkụ seramiiki ziri ezi bụ ihe nnọchianya. A na-eji ha n'ọrụ na etching, kemịkalụ vapor deposition, nsị anụ ahụ, na ntinye ion, n'etiti usoro mmepụta semiconductor ndị ọzọ dị mkpa. dị ka bearings, liners, eduzi okporo ígwè, electrostatic chucks, na n'ibu njikwa ogwe aka, n'ịkpọ ole na ole. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ntụgharị, agbachitere, na nkwụsi ike, karịsịa n'ime oghere akụrụngwa.

 

 

Ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ike na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi

N'okpuru nduzi nke amụma "carbon abụọ" nke mba, ụlọ ọrụ niile na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-etolite n'ụzọ nke ịzọpụta ike, mbelata carbon, mbelata mmetọ, na nkwalite arụmọrụ. N'okpuru ndabere a, ụlọ ọrụ seramiiki na-eche oriri ike na nrụgide nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi ihu, ma ọ na-ewetakwa ohere mmepe ọhụrụ na ihe seramiiki.

 

 

01 Ceramic akpụkpọ ahụ

Iji dochie ot filtration technology technology, akpụkpọ anụ nkewa technology na seramiiki akpụkpọ anụ na ya isi ugbu a bụ isi tinye n'ọrụ dị ka a elu-arụmọrụ nkewa usoro na usoro ụlọ ọrụ na pụrụ iche mmiri ọgwụgwọ ubi maka filtration nkewa, itinye uche na ọcha, na ịdị ọcha na adịghị ọcha.

Ceramic flat membrane

N'ime ha, enwere ike ịchachaa, kewaa ma sachaa mmiri ndị dị na ntọala mgbagwoju anya site na iji seramiiki flat membranes dị elu. Okpomọkụ dị elu na nguzogide nrụgide, nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ siri ike, nrụpụta nzacha dị elu, ezigbo ntụkwasị obi, ụgwọ ọrụ dị ala na nrụzi, ogologo ndụ ọrụ, na ịdị mma gburugburu ebe obibi n'oge ndụ niile bụ ụfọdụ n'ime njirimara ha. E jiriwo ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe ma kwalite ya na mpaghara nsị nke ime obodo, nkesa mmiri na-ekesa, mmiri na-acha oji na nke na-esi ísì ụtọ, weghachite mmiri na-emegharị, na ogige mmepụta ihe na-edozi mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri. Ọ bụ ntụzịaka mmepe izizi n'ọhịa nke mkpuchi nkewa seramiiki dị elu nke mba ụwa ma nwee ọtụtụ atụmanya ahịa.

Tinyere ọgwụgwọ mmiri, njikwa mmetọ ikuku na mba m dịkwa nso. The gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na enyi obere ụwa-metal oxide usoro nano-denitrification catalyst na-kwajuru n'elu seramiiki eriri mejupụtara akpụkpọ anụ dị ka ahụ nkwado ahụ ike na elu-okpomọkụ eriri akpụkpọ anụ maka denitrification na ájá wepụ, a nzacha mmewere na integrated denitrification na uzuzu ọrụ ọrụ nke nwere ike nweta kpọmkwem ọcha nke gas n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ.

 

 

02 Airgel

Nnukwu akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke nwere obere carbon nke aerogel, ihe mkpuchi dị oke mma, ewepụtala ikike a na-anụbeghị maka uto nke ngalaba airgel. A na-atụ anya ka nkà na ụzụ airgel ọhụrụ ejikọta ya na uto nke mmepụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ iji mepụta ngwa ngwa ngwaahịa ọhụrụ na-agbaso usoro nke ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-eto ngwa ngwa.

 

Airgel nwere njupụta dị oke ala, ultra-high porosity, index refractive, ala thermal conductivity, obere mkpọtụ impedance na njirimara ndị ọzọ nke ihe siri ike n'ozuzu enweghị. Njirimara ndị a na-eme ka ọ nwee atụmanya ngwa dị ukwuu n'ọhịa nke mkpuchi ọkụ, biomedicine, mkpuchi ụda, mgbasa ozi, wdg, na ikike ahịa ahịa dị ukwuu.

 

 

Ụlọ ọrụ nke biomedicine

A ga-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na akụkụ ahụ arụrụ arụ na-eme ihe n'usoro ọgwụgwọ ka ọha mmadụ na-etolite na ndụ ndị mmadụ na-akawanye mma. Na mba m, ọla dị ka igwe anaghị agba nchara na cobalt alloys ejiriwo ogologo oge maka ọgwụgwọ orthopedic na nrụzi n'ihi àgwà ha dị elu na njikwa; otu o sina dị, ha biocompatibility enweghị. N'ihi ya, ahịa na nyocha maka ihe mkpuchi ma ọ bụ bioceramics dị mma ma kwekọọ na-agbasa ngwa ngwa.

N'ihi na ha ahụkebe gbajiri agbaji siri ike na-eyi nguzogide, biomedical ceramics dị ka Al2O3, ZrO2, ZTA, Si3N4, na metụtara mejupụtara seramiiki ihe na-ugboro ugboro n'ọrụ na ịwa ahụ ibu-agba prostheses, eze implants, ọkpụkpụ nnọchi, wdg Zirconium oxide na-ejikarị na-eji eze na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma restoration n'ihi ike na-arụ ọrụ na eze restoration. ceramik. N'ime ndị a, silicon nitride na-ejikọta mmetụta bactericidal na ihe na-enye mmanye onwe ya, na ntinye ya nwere nkwụsi ike ndụ ogologo oge.

N'afọ 2022, a na-atụ anya nha ahịa ụwa niile maka ihe seramiiki ọgwụ ga-adị ihe dị ka ijeri $15. N'afọ 2022, a na-atụ anya na ahịa ihe seramiiki ọgwụ na China ga-eri ihe ruru ijeri $ 4.5. N'ime ha, alumina ceramics mejupụtara ọtụtụ (ihe dịka 60%). A na-eji seramiki silicon nitride arụ ọrụ maka ịkụnye orthopedic, ebe seramiki zirconia na-ejikarị na dentistry.

 

 

Ngalaba ikuku

Ceramics na-apụta ìhè mgbe niile maka arụmọrụ ha pụrụ iche n'ụdị ọnọdụ ngwa siri ike dị iche iche. Ndị agha na ụlọ ọrụ ikuku bụ abụọ n'ime ahịa ngwa kachasị amasị maka seramiki dị elu. "Nguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu" na "stealth" bụ ahịrị mmepe seramiiki abụọ bụ isi na ụlọ ọrụ ikuku.

 

Ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke igwe ụgbọ elu ndị agha na-enwewanye mkpa maka ihe nrụpụta ọhụrụ na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị ka ike nke otu kristal, mkpuchi ihe mgbochi ọkụ, na ikuku jụrụ oyi na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agwụ. SiC/SiC-CMC apụtala dị ka otu n'ime nhọrọ kachasị elu maka ihe nhazi na-eguzogide okpomọkụ. SiC/SiC-CMC na-ewusi ike ma sie ike na nnukwu akụkụ site na silicon carbide fiber. Ngwa ngwa kachasị mkpa maka SiC/SiC-CMC bụ silicon carbide fiber, nke nwere nguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu karịa 1200 Celsius ma dọta uche nke ike ụgbọ elu na asọmpi nyocha.

 

 

A na-enwekarị ihe na-amị amị (na-amịkọrọ) na ihe matriks (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ihe nkedo), ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ mmiri bụ otu n'ime ihe nzuzo nzuzo kacha mkpa. Silicon carbide bụ isi ihe eji emepụta ihe seramiiki na-anabata multi-band; inorganic seramiiki nanoparticles na inorganic polymer ihe na-ejikọta na-etolite seramiiki infrared stealth ihe, ụdị mkpuchi. Iji mepụta mmịpụta ebili mmiri brọdband dị mma, a na-agbasasasị seramiiki inorganic nanoparticles n'otu n'otu na matriks polymer inorganic ma jiri nlezianya na-achịkwa ya.