Txoj Kev Tshawb Fawb Tshiab Pom Titanium Kev Kho Mob Kho Mob Zoo heev

3D luam ntawv titanium txheej txheem

Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, qhov zoo ntawm 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis los tsim cov duab kos duab ntawm tus kheej yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv: 3D luam ntawv dawb tsim cov yam ntxwv tuaj yeem hloov kho lub hauv paus cog lus sai thiab raug, tuaj yeem kov yeej cov tsoos universal implant daim duab tsis sib haum nrog tib neeg lub cev thiab nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam tsis txog cov teeb meem txheem; Hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj, cov qauv tsim ntawm tus kheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntxeem tau los ntawm cov qauv, tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog ua tau raws li lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, tab sis kuj txhim kho biohistocompatibility.

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo no tuaj yeem kov yeej cov teeb meem tshwm sim ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov cog cog qoob loo. Tam sim no, feem ntau siv thiab dav siv 3D luam ntawv titanium alloys yog SLM tshuab thiab EBM tshuab.

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) siv laser ua lub tshav kub los xaiv irradiate pre-ntev hmoov cov ntaub ntawv kom ua tiav sai melting txoj kev. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog tias nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kev tiv thaiv roj inert, cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej tswj lub laser beam raws li kev sau scanning txoj kev tsim los ntawm cov qauv tsim qauv los xaiv thiab yaj txhua txheej ntawm hmoov.

Tom qab ntawd lub platform yog txav mus los, hmoov yog nteg dua thiab sintering yog rov ua dua kom txog thaum tag nrho cov duab tsim. Lub inert gas tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm reacting nrog rau lwm cov gases ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. SLM thev naus laus zis yog ntau yam ntawm kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv txuag thiab rov ua dua tshiab, tsis tas yuav tsim thiab npaj cov txheej txheem kev txhawb nqa nyuaj, qhov kev ua tau zoo no ua rau SLM tshuab tau siv ntau thiab ntau dua.

Txawm li cas los xij, SLM kuj tseem muaj qee qhov tsis zoo: vim tias lub zog laser tsis tshua muaj zog thiab scanning galvanometer deflection Lub kaum sab xis, qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw npaj los ntawm SLM yuav raug txwv; High-power lasers thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo yog kim los tsim, uas ua rau muaj kev lag luam ntau ntxiv rau qee qhov. Vim yog siv cov khoom siv hmoov hauv SLM thev naus laus zis, qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw molded yuav muaj teeb meem, uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm thib ob ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm tom ntej; Spheroidization thiab warping tsis xws luag kuj yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ua, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug ntxiv kauj ruam rau nruj me ntsis optimize cov txheej txheem Electron beam melting, EBM yog ib tug txheej txheem uas siv electron beam li tshav kub los yaj hlau hmoov txheej los ntawm txheej nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev ib puag ncig rau additive manufacturing.

Nws txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm yog: hmoov ua ntej-coated, lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab deflection tom qab tsom mus tsim lub zog siab hauv cheeb tsam me me los soj ntsuam cov hmoov txheej los ua kom kub thiab txawm yaj, los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob txuas mus ntxiv los tsim lub zog nruab nrab ntawm lub pas dej ua ke fusion thiab solidification, txuas rau hauv cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem hlau.

Tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem tam sim no, rov ua cov hmoov txheej ua haujlwm rau daim ntawv. Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, EBM txais qhov tseeb huab cua melting ib puag ncig los xyuas kom meej lub zog siab ntawm cov khoom thiab tsis txhob oxidation ntawm cov hlau. Piv nrog SLM, lub ntsiab zoo ntawm EBM yog: lub zog tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua, qhov ceev ntau lawm yog siab, kom lub zog tag nrho ntawm lub tshuab yog siab; Lub deflection ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis tas yuav txav mus los ntawm cov khoom siv, uas txuas ntxiv txhim kho cov scan nrawm. Qhov zoo thermal ib puag ncig ua kom cov duab ruaj khov ntawm 3D luam tawm qhov chaw, ua kom nws cov khoom zoo li qub, ua tau raws li cov kev cai lom neeg, thiab cov hmoov hlau kuj tuaj yeem siv dua.

Cov xwm txheej thiab kev nce qib ntawm 3D luam ntawv phais implants

Kev phais phais thiab orthotics nrog 3D luam ntawv muaj kev cia siab rau daim ntawv thov kev cia siab nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm osteology. Tam sim no muaj ntau thiab ntau dua3D luam ntawv implant cov ntaub ntawvxws li kev hnov ​​​​mob AIDS, cov ceg pob txha, cov kev phais tus kheej orthopedic, cov pob qij txha, pob ntseg sab nrauv, kev cog hniav tus kheej thiab lwm yam kev siv hauv kev kho mob tus kheej. Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom, xyoo 2014, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Peking University tau ua tiav kev cog qoob loo ntawm 12-xyoo-laus tus menyuam tub nrog tus kheej 3D luam tawm tus txha nraub qaum nrog micro-qhov, uas yog thawj kis hauv ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tau haum ib tug ntxhais 5 xyoo nyob rau hauv Scotland nrog 3D luam ntawv prosthetic xibtes.

Lub Stomatology Specialty Center ntawm 411th Tsev Kho Mob ntawm Cov Neeg Liberation Army tau ua tiav siv EBM thev naus laus zis rau kev cai thiab cog cov mandibular titanium alloy cog nrog tus kheej tus kheej simulation ntawm lub cev rau tus neeg mob hemimaxillary resection. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus mob mandible thiab kev kho tus kheej ua haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv ib lub sijhawm, thiab lub cev tsis zoo raug kho thiab kho dua tshiab. Cov nyhuv postoperative tau txaus siab. Lethaus B thiab lwm tus kws tshawb fawb tau siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv los tsim kho pob txha thiab microvascular flaps hauv 20 tus neeg mob nrog mandibular resection, uas ua rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab cov nyhuv tom qab tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov xov xwm zoo sib xws thiab kev tshawb fawb tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kawg kwj, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho cov ntawv thov kev cia siab ntawm 3D luam ntawv hauv kev kho mob.

Nyob rau sab ntawm cov khoom orthopedic, 3D luam ntawv phais cov ntaub ntawv cog lus tseem maj mam txav mus rau kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam. Xyoo 2007, bioprinted 3D luam ntawv acetabulum khob nrog cov ntaub so ntswg tawv scaffolders tsim los ntawm Italian tuam txhab Adler Ortho thiab LIma-LTO dhau CE daim ntawv pov thawj. Exactech cov khoom tau pom zoo los ntawm FDA hauv 2010. Nyob rau hauv 2009, tag nrho-titanium lub cev fusion ntaus ntawv tsim los ntawm American AMT tuam txhab siv 3D luam ntawv kuj dhau EU CE ntawv pov thawj. Xyoo 2013, thawj bioprinted pob txha taub hau cog khoom hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau pom zoo los ntawm FDA, uas tseem yog lub ntiaj teb thawj tus kheej 3D luam PEEK pob txha taub hau cog daim duab.

Raws li lub hauv paus no, xyoo 2014, Tebchaws Asmeskas Oxford Company tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm FDA rau 3D luam ntawv maxillofacial pob txha cov khoom (5IOK hom). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau tshaj tawm tias nyob rau lub Cuaj Hlis 2015, 3D luam tawm tib neeg kev cog qoob loo - khoom siv dag zog sib koom ua ke tsim los ntawm Lub Tsev Kho Mob Thib Peb ntawm Beijing Tshuaj thiab Beijing Aikang Yicheng Medical Equipment Co., LTD., tau sau npe los ntawm Lub Xeev Food and Drug Administration. Lub 3D luam tawm lub duav sib koom tau nkag mus rau "theem ntau lawm", uas txhais tau hais tias Tuam Tshoj 3D luam ntawv cog qoob loo kuj tau nce mus rau theem ntawm kev tsim khoom.

3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis tau qhia txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob science thiab thev naus laus zis tshiab, thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv ntau yam kev cog lus tus kheej prostheses, caj npab prosthetic, kev cog hniav thiab lwm yam tseem muaj ntau thiab ntau dua. Yog li, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas biosafety ntawm cov cog cog tau npaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab no xav tau kev saib xyuas ntau dua.

Kev tshawb fawb txog biosafety ntawm 3D luam ntawv titanium

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv biomedical feem ntau yog tshwm sim hauv kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Yuav kom biomedical hlau cov ntaub ntawv kom tau raws li cov qauv ntawm implanted pab kiag li lawm, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm implantation nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yog nyob rau hauv ib tug txais tos, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv zoo hauv cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab tib neeg lub cev yog feem ntau tshwm sim hauv nws cov biocompatibility thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg.

Yog li ntawd, tom qab implantation nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, lub implants yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau muaj kev phiv xws li kev tsis haum tshuaj, o thiab chemistry nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub hlwb, cov ntshav thiab lub cev, los yog lub rejection ntawm tib neeg txawv teb chaws lub cev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem yuav tsum tau cog cov cog uas yuav tsum tau cog rau lub sijhawm ntev yuav tsum muaj cov khoom zoo li qub, uas yog, lub zog txaus, tsim nyog elastic modulus, siab stability, zoo corrosion kuj thiab ruaj khov. Tam sim no kev phais implantation ntawm titanium alloy yog dav siv hauv kev kho mob, thiab kev tshawb fawb biocompatibility kuj paub tab. Yog li ntawd, kev nyab xeeb ntawm titanium alloy qhov chaw muaj feem xyuam rau 3D luam ntawv feem ntau tsom rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm biomechanical.

Kev tshawb fawb txog seb 3D luam ntawv hlau cog yog piv rau cov khoom cog cog ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab biocompatibility, thiab seb qee qhov ntawm cov khoom zoo li qub ntawm cov hlau cog tuaj yeem ua tau raws li daim ntawv thov kev kho mob thiab cov qauv hauv tebchaws tseem tab tom ua. Nws tau pom tias cov khoom zoo li qub ib nrab ntawm 3D luam ntawv titanium cog tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev kho mob xav tau. Ti6A14V cov qauv npaj los ntawm EBM cov txheej txheem tau sim los ntawm kev ntsuas ncaj qha tensile thiab kub isostatic nias ntsuas. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias lub zog ntawm TI6A14V cov qauv tau dhau los ntawm tus qauv forging.

Kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm Co-Cr-Mo alloy npaj los ntawm SLM thev naus laus zis zoo ib yam li cov hlau uas tau npaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, thiab tus nqi ntawm ion dissolution nyob rau hauv simulated salivary ib puag ncig yog tsawg dua 3D luam ntawv dua li cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv. Ti6A14V cov khoom npaj los ntawm DMLS thev naus laus zis tau pom los ntawm EOS lub tuam txhab kom muaj cov khoom zoo li qub thiab qaug zog ua haujlwm raws li cov tsoos forging los ntawm kev tsim nyog tom qab ua tiav. Cov ntxeem tau titanium alloy vertebrae fusion ntaus ntawv npaj los ntawm EBM tau cog rau hauv tshis lub cev thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv tsev menyuam fusion qauv ntawm yaj. Cov pob txha-cov ntaub ntawv interface tau zoo dua li PEEK fusion ntaus ntawv.

Clinically, elastic modulus thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntawm titanium alloy tsis phim cov khoom ntawm tib neeg cov pob txha, uas yuav ua rau lub phenomenon ntawm "kev nyuaj siab shielding" nyob rau hauv lub peripheral pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm implants thiab ua rau osteoporosis, uas ua rau cov pob txha nqus, loosening thiab poob ntawm cov pob txha thiab tsis ua hauj lwm. Yuav kom txo tau qhov teeb meem no nrog titanium implants, porous qauv implants tau nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Tam sim no, cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem kho cov microstructure ntawm cov cog cog nrog kev ua haujlwm siab los hloov lawv cov elastic modulus thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kom phim nrog tib neeg cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ntxiv txhim kho biomechanical zog raws li kev ua kom lub cev tsim nyog.

Cov qauv tswj hwm ntawm Ti6AI4V lub cev yog tsim los ntawm EBM txoj kev siv tshuab, thiab cov qauv hauv cov void tau pom tias ua tau raws li cov qauv kev xav hauv qab scanning electron microscopy, uas ua tiav qhov tseeb ntawm EBM ntawm cov qauv ntawm 3D luam tawm cov khoom. Los ntawm kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo, qhov sib thooj compressive zog yog 163MPa thiab elastic modulus yog 14MPa ntawm 60.1% pore porosity, uas yog ze rau tib neeg cov pob txha. Hauv vitro cell kab lis kev cai kuj pom zoo cell compatibility.

Cov khoom ntxeem tau tau npaj los ntawm EBM thev naus laus zis los ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov qauv tsim, thiab lawv cov khoom siv tshuab tau raug soj ntsuam. Nws tau pom tias cov biomechanics ntawm cov khoom ntxeem tau tsim muaj qib siab ntawm superiority nyob rau hauv lub simulation ntawm theem compatibility thiab implantation txuam. Peb hom porous titanium nrog 300gm, 600gm thiab 900 ~ tm npaj los ntawm SLM tau cog rau hauv luav tibia los tshawb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm pore piv rau cov pob txha loj hlob. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg nrog 600 ~ m porous qauv tau ntev dua thiab biocompatibility.

Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov pob txha loj hlob, scaffold nrog adjustable porosity thiab aperture yuav ua tau zoo dua rau kev sib kis thiab kev sib kis ntawm cov as-ham hauv tib neeg lub cev, thiab tseem tuaj yeem txhawb kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov pob txha loj hlob, nce kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov pob txha txaj, thiab txuas ntxiv kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov pob txha, kom tau txais kev kho mob zoo dua li cov qauv titanium alloy. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau lub qhov titanium alloy kauj ruam yog kauj ruam yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kho cov ntaub so ntswg tshiab thiab hloov cov ntaub ntawv, thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm 3D luam titanium alloy implants nrog ntau yam microscopic qauv los yog los ntawm cov qauv kuj tau qhib ib tug tshiab teb.