Qhov txawv ntawm stainless hlau 316 thiab 316L
Taw qhia
Stainless hlau yog dab tsi? Alloy hlau uas muaj ntau tshaj 12% chromium los yog ntau tshaj 8% npib tsib xee feem ntau hu ua stainless hlau.
Cov hlau no muaj qee yam corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los yog corrosive media thiab muaj zog dua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (> 450 ℃). Hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus chromium ntawm 16% mus rau 18% yog hu ua acid-resistant steel lossis acid-resistant stainless hlau thiab feem ntau hu ua stainless hlau. Thaum cov ntsiab lus chromium nyob rau hauv steel yog ntau tshaj 12%, ib txheej ntawm chromium-nplua nuj passivation zaj duab xis sai sai rau saum npoo vim electrochemical kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog oxidizing xov xwm los tiv thaiv sab hauv ntawm cov hlau los ntawm corrosion; tab sis nyob rau hauv non-oxidizing corrosive xov xwm, nws tseem yog ib qho nyuaj rau tsim ib tug passivation zaj duab xis. Txhawm rau txhim kho corrosion tsis kam ntawm cov hlau, feem ntau ntawm chromium feem ntau yog nce, los yog cov ntsiab lus alloy uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa passivation ntxiv, xws li Ni, Mo, Mn, Cu, Nb, Ti, W, Co, thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntsiab lus no tsis tsuas yog txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm steel tab sis kuj hloov lub koom haum sab hauv thiab lub cev thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm hlau. Cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloy hauv steel muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm stainless hlau.
Qee qhov yog hlau nplaum, qee qhov tsis yog hlau nplaum, qee qhov tuaj yeem kho cua sov, thiab qee qhov tsis tuaj yeem kho cua sov. Vim yog cov yam ntxwv saum toj no ntawm stainless hlau, nws tau siv dav hauv aviation, aerospace, tshuaj lom neeg, roj av, kev tsim kho, khoom noj khoom haus thiab lwm yam kev lag luam thiab lub neej txhua hnub. Cov ntsiab lus alloy muaj nyob rau hauv nws muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev ua haujlwm, thiab qee qhov tseem nyuaj rau txiav.
Txhawm rau pab cov neeg nyeem nkag siab zoo dua thiab xaiv cov khoom siv uas ua haujlwm rau lawv, tsab xov xwm no yuav nkag mus rau hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 316 thiab 316L stainless hlau. 316 yog cov hlau tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg nrog cov qib hauv tsev 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, thaum 316L yog cov hlau tsis muaj roj carbon tsawg nrog cov qib hauv tsev 00Cr17Ni14Mo2. Nws yog pov thawj tias thaum 316L yog resistant rau corrosion, 316 muaj superior mechanical zoo.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm 316 thiab 316L stainless hlau yog raws li nram no:
Stainless hlau 316 thiab 316L yog cov uas muaj molybdenum. 316L stainless hlau muaj me ntsis molybdenum ntau dua li 316 stainless hlau. Piv rau stainless hlau 310 thiab 304, cov hlau no ua tau zoo dua tag nrho vim yog molybdenum nws muaj. Thaum cov ntsiab lus sulfuric acid nyob nruab nrab ntawm 15% thiab 85% ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, 316 stainless hlau tuaj yeem siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Cov chaw hauv hiav txwv feem ntau siv 316 stainless hlau vim nws muaj zog tiv thaiv chlorine corrosion.
Thaum lub siab tshaj plaws corrosion kuj thiab annealing tom qab vuam xav tau, 316L stainless hlau, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.03 feem pua, tuaj yeem siv.
316 VS 316L Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (mass feem, %)
| Hom | Mn | P | C | Thiab | maX | Cr | Hauv | Rau | lwm yam |
| 316 | 0.08 ib | 2 | 0.045 ib | 0.03 ib | 1 | 16-18 | 10-14 | 2-3 | - |
| 316l ua | 0.03 ib | 2 | 0.045 ib | 0.03 ib | 1 | 16-18 | 10-14 | 2-3 | - |
Corrosion kuj:
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ntawv, nws muaj qhov zoo corrosion kuj, outperforming 304 stainless hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, corrosion los ntawm corrosive muaj ib puag ncig thiab maritime ib puag ncig tsis tuaj yeem ua rau 316 stainless hlau.
Thaum tshav kub kub kuj:
316 stainless hlau resists oxidation zoo thaum siv tsis tu ncua hauv qab 1700 degrees thiab intermittently hauv qab 1600 degrees. 316 stainless hlau muaj cov cua sov zoo thaum siv tas li sab nraud ntawm 800-1575 degree qhov kub thiab txias, txawm hais tias nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis siv nws nyob rau hauv ntau yam no txhua hnub. Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws yog tsim rau 316L stainless hlau, uas yog resistant rau carbide nag lossis daus dua 316 stainless hlau.
Kev kho cua sov:
Anneal ntawm 1850 thiab 2050 degrees, ces anneal sai sai ua ntej txias sai sai. Overheating yuav tsis harden 316 stainless hlau.
Vuam:
316 stainless hlau ua tau zoo thaum nws los txog rau vuam. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem vuam siv tau tuaj yeem siv los vuam nws. Nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov, stainless hlau electrodes lossis muab tub lim ua los ntawm 316Cb, 316L, lossis 309Cb tuaj yeem siv rau vuam. Tom qab vuam, 316 stainless hlau seem yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom tau txais qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm corrosion kuj. Tom qab-weld annealing tsis tsim nyog thaum siv 316L stainless hlau.
Hom kev siv:
| Stainless hlau code | Chemical muaj pes tsawg leeg (mas feem) /% | Anti-corrosion muaj nuj nqi |
| Lub cev thiab tshuaj ua haujlwm | feature | Kev lag luam thov |
| SUS 316 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 | C≤0.08; Si≤0.75; Mn≤2.00; P≤0.040; S≤0.030; Ntawm: 10.00-14.00; Cr: 16.00-18.00 Nws. Sijhawm: 2.00-3.00 | Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev thiab kub tsis kam thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav. |
| Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo corrosion, plasticity, toughness, siab kub zog, txias deformation thiab vuam txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo. | Muaj zog corrosion kuj, zoo heev kub lub zog, thiab superior vuam kev ua tau zoo. | Siv rau cov dej haus, dej haus, dej txias, dej kub, roj, kev kho mob roj, cov khoom siv dej hiav txwv, tshuaj, roj, papermaking, oxalic acid, khoom siv chiv, yees duab, khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam, chaw ntug dej hiav txwv. |
| SUS 316L 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 | C≤0.030; Si≤0.75; Mn≤2.00; P≤0.040; S≤0.030; Ntawm: 10.00-14.00; Cr: 16.00-18.00 Nws. Sijhawm: 2.00-3.00 | Qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua 316, tab sis qhov kub thiab txias lub zog yog me ntsis zuj zus, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav. |
| Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, lub zog, plasticity, toughness, txias formability thiab zoo heev kub tsis kam. | Qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua SUS316, tab sis qhov kub thiab txias zog yog me ntsis phem dua. | Siv rau cov dej haus, dej haus, dej txias, dej kub, roj, kev kho mob roj, cov khoom siv dej hiav txwv, tshuaj, roj, papermaking, oxalic acid, khoom siv chiv, yees duab, khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam, chaw ntug dej hiav txwv. |
316 thiab 316L Stainless hlau vs 304
Ib hom stainless hlau siv los tsim cov khoom siv thiab qhov chaw uas yuav tsum muaj qhov zoo tag nrho (xws li corrosion kuj thiab formability) yog 304.
Hais txog tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, 304 thiab 316 stainless hlau tsis tshua muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ib leeg, txawm hais tias muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb.
Raws li qee qhov xwm txheej, 304, thawj cov hlau tsis muaj hlau tsim, yog qhov cuam tshuam rau pitting corrosion. Ib qho ntxiv 2-3% molybdenum ntxiv tuaj yeem txo qhov rhiab heev, ua rau 316. Qhov no ntxiv molybdenum tuaj yeem txo qhov corrosion los ntawm qee cov organic acids kub.
Hauv kev lag luam zaub mov thiab dej haus, 316 stainless hlau yog xyaum ua cov khoom siv. 316 stainless hlau yog kim dua 304 stainless hlau vim tias lub ntiaj teb no tsis tshua muaj molybdenum thiab cov nickel cov ntsiab lus ntawm 316 stainless hlau.
Vim tias tsis muaj oxygen thiab tsis muaj peev xwm tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntawm chromium oxide, pitting corrosion feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm deposition corrosion ntawm stainless hlau.
Pitting corrosion yog tsis tshua muaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv me me li qub, vim hais tias muaj tsawg lub sij hawm ntawm depositing ntawm lub valve phaj.
304 thiab 316 stainless hlau muaj ze li qhov sib npaug ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion nyob rau hauv ntau yam dej xov xwm (dej haus, dej distilled, dej dej, boiler dej, seawater, thiab lwm yam); Txawm li cas los xij, 316 stainless hlau zoo dua yog tias qhov nruab nrab muaj cov tshuaj chloride ions siab heev.
Txawm hais tias qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm 304 thiab 316 stainless hlau feem ntau tsis sib txawv, tej zaum yuav muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb uas hu rau kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv. Txij li thaum lawv yuav xaiv cov kav dej thiab cov khoom ntim khoom raws li qhov nruab nrab, cov neeg siv valve feem ntau yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim meej. Peb tsis qhia rau cov neeg siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (304,304L, 316,316L)
| Hom | Mn | P | C | Thiab | maX | Cr | Hauv | Rau | lwm yam |
| 304 | 0.08 ib | 2 | 0.045 ib | 0.03 ib | 1 | 18-20 | 8–12 |
| - |
| 304l ua | 0.03 ib | 2 | 0.045 ib | 0.03 ib | 1 | 18-20 | 8–12 |
| - |
| 316 | 0.08 ib | 2 | 0.045 ib | 0.03 ib | 1 | 16-18 | 10-14 | 2-3 | - |
| 316l ua | 0.03 ib | 2 | 0.045 ib | 0.03 ib | 1 | 16-18 | 10-14 | 2-3 | - |
Mechanical zog (304,304L, 316,316L)
| Hom | UTS N / mm² | Yield N / mm² | Elongation % | Hardness (HRB) | Sib piv DIN tus lej | |
| ua | pov tseg | |||||
| 304 | 600 | 210 | 60 | 80 | 1.4301 ib | 1.4308 ib |
| 304l ua | 530 | 200 | 50 | 70 | 1.4306 ib | 1.455 2 |
| 316 | 560 | 210 | 60 | 78 | 1.4401 Nws | 1.4408 Nws |
| 316l ua | 530 | 200 | 50 | 75 | 1.4406 ib | 1.4581 ib |
Taw qhia rau lwm yam stainless hlau
304 yog lub hom phiaj dav dav hlau stainless uas tau siv dav los ua cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau muaj cov khoom zoo (corrosion resistance and formability).
301 stainless hlau qhia pom tseeb ua haujlwm tawv thaum deformed thiab siv rau ntau lub sijhawm uas xav tau lub zog ntau dua.
302 stainless hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 304 stainless hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua, uas tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog ntau dua los ntawm kev sib tw txias.
302B yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus ntau dua silicon, uas muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dua rau kev kub siab oxidation.
303 thiab 303Se yog dawb-txiav stainless hlau uas muaj leej faj thiab selenium feem, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas dawb-txiav thiab siab saum npoo yog qhov tseem ceeb. 303Se stainless hlau kuj tseem siv los ua qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau kub ntxhov vim nws muaj kev ua haujlwm kub zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no.
304L yog qhov txawv ntawm 304 stainless hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus qis dua, uas yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau vuam. Cov ntsiab lus qis dua txo qis cov nag lossis daus ntawm carbides nyob rau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev kub ntxhov nyob ze ntawm qhov vuam, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm intergranular corrosion (weld erosion) ntawm stainless hlau hauv qee qhov chaw.
305 thiab 384 stainless hlau muaj cov ntsiab lus siab nickel thiab qis ua haujlwm hardening tus nqi thiab tsim nyog rau ntau lub sijhawm uas yuav tsum tau ua kom txias txias.
308 stainless hlau yog siv los ua welding rods.
309, 310, 314 thiab 330 stainless hlau muaj cov ntsiab lus siab nickel thiab chromium txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho oxidation tsis kam thiab creep lub zog ntawm cov hlau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. 30S5 thiab 310S yog qhov sib txawv ntawm 309 thiab 310 stainless hlau, qhov sib txawv tsuas yog tias cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg dua txhawm rau txo qis cov carbides precipitated ze ntawm qhov vuam. 330 stainless hlau muaj qhov tshwj xeeb siab tiv thaiv carburization thiab thermal shock.
316 thiab 317 stainless hlau muaj txhuas, yog li lawv tsis kam rau pitting corrosion nyob rau hauv marine thiab chemical industrial cheeb tsam yog zoo dua li ntawm 304 stainless hlau. Ntawm lawv, 316 stainless hlau muaj ntau yam xws li cov pa roj carbon tsawg 316L, thiab cov hlau tsis muaj zog uas muaj nitrogen.
316N thiab dawb-txiav stainless hlau 316F nrog cov ntsiab lus sulfur siab.
321, 347, thiab 348 yog stainless hlau stabilized nrog titanium, niobium, thiab tantalum, feem, thiab yog haum rau vuam Cheebtsam siv nyob rau hauv high kub. 348 yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau uas tsim nyog rau kev lag luam hluav taws xob nuclear thiab muaj qee yam kev txwv ntawm tus nqi ntawm tantalum thiab cobalt.
Thaum xaiv, koj yuav tsum xav txog tej yam xws li kev thov tshwj xeeb, tej yam kev mob ib puag ncig, thiab kev siv nyiaj txiag.