Zinthu 10 zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza jekeseni akamaumba

1. Kusankha zinthu

Mu njira yopangira jekeseni wa zitsulo za ufa, kusankha kwa zinthu zoyenera kumakhudza kwambiri ntchito ndi mtengo wa chinthu chomaliza. Ma alloys apamwamba kapena zida zapadera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwera mtengo chifukwa zimatha kukhala ndi ndalama zambiri zakuthupi kapena zimafunikira zinthu zina zopangira, kukonza masitepe. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zina zapadera zingafunike certification kapena miyezo, zomwe zitha kuonjezeranso ndalama. Chifukwa chake, opanga amayenera kuyeza mosamalitsa momwe zinthu zikuyendera, mtengo wake komanso zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kuti asankhe zinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zoyenera.

Nawa ochepa odziwikaZithunzi za MIM, zosankhidwa ndi mtengo:

1) Chitsulo,Chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi MIM-4605.

2)Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino cha MIM chokhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso makina amakina ndipo ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ambiri. Mtengo wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizokwera kwambiri, makamaka zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, MIM-304L, MIM-316L zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena MIM-17-4PH zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.

3)Titaniyamu Aloyi:Titaniyamu aloyi Ti-MIM ali kwambiri mphamvu ndi kukana dzimbiri, komanso otsika kachulukidwe, choncho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzamlengalenga ndi zipangizo zachipatala ndi madera ena. Komabe, mtengo wa aloyi wa titaniyamu ndi wokwera kwambiri ndipo ndi zida zapamwamba za MIM.

4)Aloyi Opangidwa ndi Nickel:Nickel-based alloy ali ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, makampani opanga mankhwala, mphamvu ndi zina. Chifukwa cha zovuta zake zakuthupi komanso zovuta pakukonza, mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba.

5)Aloyi Yopangidwa ndi Iron:Alloy-based alloy ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri mu MIM. Ili ndi zida zabwino zamakina komanso mawonekedwe ake ndipo ndiyoyenera kumafakitale monga magalimoto, zamagetsi ndi makina. Poyerekeza ndi ma alloys ena apamwamba kwambiri, mtengo wazitsulo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo ndizochepa.

6)Aloyi ya Tungsten:Tungsten alloy ali ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri komanso osalimba kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zolemetsa ndi zida zotentha kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa tungsten alloy, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo apadera monga zamlengalenga kapena chitetezo.

2. Gawo la zovuta

Mapangidwe ovuta a gawoli amakhudza mwachindunji zovuta ndi mtengo wa kupanga. Magawo okhala ndi ma geometri ovuta, mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino, kapena zofunikira zololera nthawi zambiri zimafunikira njira zopangira zovuta komanso zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Izi zingaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu zapadera, njira zopangira masitepe ambiri kapena kupanga nthawi yayitali. Choncho, opanga ayenera kuganizira zovuta za gawolo pa siteji ya mapangidwe ndi kuphweka momwe angathere kuti achepetse ndalama.

3. Voliyumu yopanga

Kuchuluka kwa zopanga ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika zomwe zimakhudza mtengo. Kupanga kwakukulu nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti mtengo wagawo ukhale wotsika chifukwa ndalama zokhazikika zimatha kufalikira pazinthu zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga ma voliyumu ambiri kumatha kukulitsa makinawo ndikuwongolera kukhathamiritsa kuti muchepetse mtengo wopangira gawo lililonse. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kupanga mavoti otsika kungapangitse kuchuluka kwa ndalama zokhazikika, motero kumawonjezera mtengo wa gawo lililonse.

4. Mtengo wa nkhungu

Nkhungu ndi zida zofunika kwambiri pakuumba jekeseni wazitsulo, ndipo mtengo wawo wopangira ndi kukonza nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera. Kuvuta kwa nkhungu, kusankha zinthu, ndi moyo wautumiki woyembekezeredwa zonse zimakhudza mtengo wake. Zikhungu zopangidwa mwamakonda kwambiri zimafuna masitepe ochulukira komanso zida zapamwamba kwambiri, motero zimawononga ndalama zambiri. Opanga nthawi zambiri amawunika kuchuluka kwa nkhungu kutengera kuchuluka komwe amayembekezeredwa komanso zovuta zake ndikusankha njira yoyenera kwambiri ya nkhungu.

Pano pali kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za zifukwa zingapo zazikulu:

1)Kuvuta kwa Mold:Kuvuta kwa nkhungu ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika zomwe zimakhudza mtengo. Mapangidwe a nkhungu ovuta angafunike njira zambiri zogwirira ntchito komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukwera kofananira kwamitengo yopangira. Mwachitsanzo, nkhungu zokhala ndi mbali zingapo zopanda dzenje, ngalande zamkati, kapena zomangidwa bwino zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafuna zida zowongolera bwino kwambiri komanso nthawi yayitali yopangira, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo wa nkhungu.

2) Zosankha: Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu za nkhungu kumathandizanso kwambiri pamtengo. Zida zina zapadera zimakhala ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri koma zimatha kukhala bwino kukana kuvala, kukana dzimbiri kapena matenthedwe amafuta ndipo ndizoyenera pazosowa zinazake zopangira. Kusankha zinthu zoyenera nkhungu kumafuna kulingalira mozama za momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito, kulimba kwake komanso mtengo wake kuti zitsimikizire kuti zofunikira zopanga zimakwaniritsidwa ndikuchepetsa ndalama.

3)Kukula ndi Kulemera kwa Nkhungu:Kukula ndi kulemera kwa nkhungu zidzakhudzanso mwachindunji mtengo. Zikhungu zazikulu kapena zolemera zimafuna zinthu zambiri komanso nthawi yayitali yopangira, motero zimakhala zokwera mtengo kupanga. Kuonjezera apo, nkhungu zazikulu zimafunanso zida zazikulu zopangira zinthu komanso anthu ambiri kuti amalize ntchito yokonza, zomwe zidzawonjezera ndalama.

4)Utali wa Moyo Woyembekezeka:Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhungu kumakhudza kwambiri mtengo wake. Ngati nkhungu imayenera kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kuwonongeka kapena kuvala, ndiye kuti zida zolimba komanso njira zodziwikiratu zimafunikira kusankhidwa, zomwe zimawonjezera ndalama. Kuonjezera apo, zokutira zina zapadera zosavala kapena mankhwala apamwamba angafunikirenso kuti awonjezere moyo wa nkhungu, koma njira zowonjezera izi zidzawonjezera mtengo.

5)Kupititsa patsogolo Mapangidwe ndi Kukhathamiritsa:Kuwongolera ndi kukhathamiritsa panthawi yopanga nkhungu kungathandize kuchepetsa ndalama. Pokonza mapangidwe apangidwe, kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zosafunikira, ndi kuphweka njira zopangira, mtengo wopangira nkhungu ukhoza kuchepetsedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wa CAD/CAM ndi zida zowunikira zofananira zimatha kupititsa patsogolo luso la mapangidwe ndi kulondola, potero kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.

6)Chiwerengero cha mabowo mu nkhungu

Kutengera kukula ndi kapangidwe kake, titha kuchita mpaka mapanga 32. Kuchuluka kwa zibowo za nkhungu, m'pamenenso zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wa nkhungu umakwera kwambiri.

5.mim katundu kulolerana zofunika

Kulekerera kumatanthauza kupatuka kovomerezeka kwa gawo ndi mawonekedwe.Zithunzi za MIMnthawi zambiri amakhala olondola kwambiri komanso okhazikika, komansokulolera kwawo kofunikira kumakhala pakati pa ± 0.3% ndi ± 0.5%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti panthawi yopanga, magawo a MIM amatha kusinthasintha pakati pa kuphatikiza kapena kuchotsera 0.3% ndi 0.5% yazomwe zimapangidwira.

Ngati kupanga kumafuna kulolerana kolondola, ndiye kuti kupanga nkhungu yolondola kwambiri kapena makina owonjezera a CNC adzafunika, komanso kuwongolera njira zolimba komanso kuwunika pafupipafupi. Njira zowonjezera izi zidzakulitsa ndalama zopangira.

6. Chithandizo chapamwamba

Chithandizo chapamwamba cha gawo chimakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe ake, magwiridwe ake komanso kulimba kwake. Mapulogalamu ena amafunikira malo osalala kuti achepetse kugundana kapena kuwongolera chitetezo cha dzimbiri, pomwe ntchito zina zingafunike zokutira zapadera kuti ziwonjezeke kukana kapena kuwongolera mawonekedwe. Njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira pamwamba zimakhala ndi ndalama zosiyana, monga kupukuta makina, mankhwala opangira mankhwala kapena teknoloji yokutira. Opanga akuyenera kusankha chithandizo choyenera chapamwamba potengera zosowa ndi bajeti ya gawo lawo.

1) Kupukuta:Kupukuta ndi njira yodziwika bwino yochizira pamwamba yomwe imatha kupangitsa kuti mbali za MIM zikhale zosalala komanso zofananira, ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe ake. Kupyolera mu kupukuta kwamakina kapena kupukuta kwa mankhwala, zofooka zapamtunda ndi zowawa zimatha kuchotsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbaliyo ikhale yabwino komanso yowala.

Zogulitsa zina zimakhala ndi zofunikira zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimafunikira kupukuta magalasi. Izi zidzawonjezera ndalama zambiri kuposa kupukuta wamba.

2) Sandblasting:Sandblasting ndi njira yochizira pamwamba pa MIM mbali popopera mbewu mankhwalawa abrasive particles pa liwiro lalikulu. Njira yochizira pamwambayi imatha kupititsa patsogolo mawonekedwe a pamwamba pamlingo wina, kukulitsa roughness pamwamba, kumamatira bwino, komanso kumamatira bwino pazopaka kapena zokutira.

3) Kupaka:Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira yochizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yomwe imatha kuwonjezera chophimba choteteza pamwamba paZithunzi za MIMkuti apititse patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kuvala. Zida zopaka zopopera zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo utoto wotsutsa dzimbiri, utoto wopopera, utoto wopopera, ndi zina zotere. Zoyenera zokutira zitha kusankhidwa molingana ndi zofunikira za ntchito.

4) Anodizing:Anodizing ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazamankhwala, yoyenera pazinthu zachitsulo monga zitsulo zotayidwa. Popanga filimu ya oxide pamwamba, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kulimba ndi kukana kuvala kwa magawo a MIM kumatha kuwonjezeka ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe awo.

5) Kupaka (PVD Plating):Plating ndi njira yodziwika bwino yochizira pamwamba yomwe imatha kuphimba mbali za MIM ndi chitsulo chosanjikiza kapena zokutira kuti ziwoneke bwino, kukana dzimbiri komanso ma conductive. Zida zomangira wamba zimaphatikizapo faifi tambala, chromium, mkuwa, zinki, ndi zina zotere. Zida zomangira zoyenera ndi njira zitha kusankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira.

6) Kupukuta + Kupaka:Nthawi zina, magawo a MIM amapukutidwa kaye kenako amakutidwa kuti apeze mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso mawonekedwe. Njirayi yophatikizira pamwambayi imatha kupereka pamwamba pa gawolo kutsirizika kwapamwamba ndi gloss, kukulitsa mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino komanso kukongoletsa kwake.

7. Kupanga nthawi yotsogolera

Kuitanitsa mwachangu kapena zofunikira zotumizira mwachangu zitha kupangitsa kuti ndalama zopangira zichuluke. Zolipiritsa nthawi yowonjezera, chindapusa chofulumira, ndi zovuta zapaintaneti zimatha kukweza mtengo wopanga. Chifukwa chake, opanga amayenera kukonzekera pasadakhale ndikukonzekera momveka bwino ndandanda zopangira kuti achepetse ndalama zowonjezera zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kulamula kwadzidzidzi.Nthawi yopanga mafakitale ambiri ndi masiku 30-40. Ngati makasitomala ali ndi zofunikira zapadera, zitha kupititsa patsogolo masiku 15-20.

8. Miyezo yabwino

Kutsatiridwa ndi miyezo yapamwamba ndi ziphaso ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wazinthu komanso kutsata zomwe zanenedwa. Komabe, izi zingafunike ndalama zowonjezera, kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa kasamalidwe kabwino, kuphunzitsa antchito, ndi kugula zida zoyesera zabwino. Opanga amayenera kuyeza mtengo wamiyezo yabwino poyerekeza ndi phindu lawo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti amakhalabe otsika mtengo akamakwaniritsa zosowa za makasitomala.

Zitsimikizo wamba zikuphatikizapoISO90001, ndi ISO/TS 16949

9. Kufuna msika

Kusintha kwa kufunikira kwa msika kudzakhudza mtengo wazinthu zopangira, kukhazikika kwa chain chain, komanso nthawi zotsogola zopanga. Pakachitika kusamvana pakati pa kupezeka ndi kufunidwa, mitengo ya zinthu zopangira imatha kukwera, ndipo kusokonekera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kungayambitse kutsika, zomwe zimakhudza mtengo. Chifukwa chake, opanga amayenera kuyang'anira kwambiri machitidwe amsika ndikusintha mosinthika unyolo wopereka ndi mapulani opanga kuti ayankhe kusintha kwa msika.

10. Ubale wa ogulitsa

Kukhazikitsa maubwenzi abwino ndi ogulitsa ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse ndalama ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Kukhazikika kotsatsira, chithandizo chanthawi yake chaukadaulo komanso mawu ogwirizana osinthika angathandize opanga kuchepetsa mtengo wogula komanso mtengo wopangira. Kuonjezera apo, maubwenzi a nthawi yayitali amatha kubweretsanso mwayi wogwirizana komanso mwayi wa chitukuko chogwirizana, kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wampikisano wa onse awiri.

JH MIM, monga mmisiri wabwino kwambiri komanso mainjiniya odziwa zambiri omwe akuchita nawo ntchito ya MIM ku China kwazaka zoposa 15, angapereke akatswiri kwambiriRipoti la DFMkuti akwaniritse zosowa za makasitomala, ndikupatsa makasitomala malingaliro otsika mtengo otengera kusankhidwa kwa zida, kapangidwe ka nkhungu, kukonza pambuyo ndi zina.

Zosinthidwa mwamakonda ndizovuta, JH lolani kuti zikhale zosavuta - titumizireni mafunso