Mafakitale asanu akuluakulu opangira tsogolo la zinthu za ceramic

Makampani opanga magalimoto amagetsi

 

China idapanga ndikugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano a 6.253 miliyoni ndi 6.067 miliyoni, motero, pakati pa Januware ndi Novembala, mpaka 100% chaka ndi chaka, ndi gawo la msika la 25%, malinga ndi ziwerengero zaposachedwa kwambiri za China Association of Automobile Manufacturers. Pamodzi ndi kukula kwa kupanga ndi kugulitsa komwe kudaposa msika panthawiyo, kulowa kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano kudaposa 36% ndikupitilira kukwera. Ukadaulo wamagalimoto amagetsi ukusintha nthawi zonse, zomwe zathandizira kusinthidwa kwa zigawo zake ndi zida zake. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magalimoto amagetsi amagetsi atsopano kwalandira kwathunthu zida zapamwamba za ceramic chifukwa chaubwino wawo wapadera.

Pakati pawo, mipira ya HIP silicon nitride yokhala ndi mipira komanso matenthedwe apamwamba a silicon nitride substrates ndizofala.

 

 

01 Mipira ya HIP ya Silicon Nitride Bearings

Magalimoto amagalimoto amagetsi atsopano amafunikira kachulukidwe kakang'ono komanso zida zotha kuvala kwambiri chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo kokwera poyerekeza ndi ma bearings wamba. Mu zitsulo za silicon nitride ceramic, mipira imatulutsa kutentha pang'ono ndi kukangana mkati mwa dongosolo lonyamula. Makamaka, silicon nitride ndi insulator yamagetsi yochitika mwachilengedwe yomwe imatha kuletsa dzimbiri lamagetsi kuti lisatuluke, kutalikitsa moyo wamafuta ndi mayendedwe, ndipo pamapeto pake kumapangitsa kulephera. Ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza magalimoto amagetsi.

 

Zinyalala za ceramic zikuchulukirachulukira m'malo mwa zitsulo zamatabwa muzaka zamagalimoto amagetsi. Silicon nitride ceramic mpira insulated mayendedwe ntchito zoweta Xiaopeng P7, G9, Weilai ET7, ndi zitsanzo zina. Mwachitsanzo, shaft ya injini yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Tesla imagwiritsa ntchito ma bearing a ceramic, hybrid ceramic bearings yopangidwa ndi NSK, ndi mipira yokhala ndi mipira 50 ya silicon nitride.

Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) ndi gas pressure sintering (GPS) ndi njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino zokonzera silicon nitride ceramic ball sintering. Njira ziwirizi zimapereka mipira ya ceramic yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza m'malo ambiri. HIP silicon nitride imapereka mawonekedwe apamwamba amakina komanso moyo wotopa wautali kuposa GPS silicon nitride.

Pakadali pano, makampani odziwika akunja akupitilizabe kuwongolera msika wapadziko lonse lapansi ndikuwongolera njira zachitukuko, pomwe mabungwe aku Japan, Europe, ndi America akupitilizabe kulamulira kupanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri za ceramic. 2015 adawona kukhazikitsidwa kwa National Equipment High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. mu fuko langa.

idapita patsogolo kwambiri paukadaulo wopanga mipira yotentha ya silicon nitride ceramic, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kampani yoyamba ku China kukhazikitsa kupanga zinthu zambiri komanso kampani yachitatu yonse, kuseri kwa Toshiba ku Japan ndi Kustec ku United States. SKF ku Sweden, Timken ku US, GMN ku Germany, ndi Forsa ku Spain ndi ena mwa mayiko omwe katundu wake amatumizidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Sinoceramic Jinsheng ndi ena kupanga mipira ya silicon nitride yokhala ndi mphamvu yopindika ya 1000 MPa.

 

 

02 High matenthedwe madutsidwe silicon nitride ceramic gawo lapansi

Magawo a Silicon nitride ceramic amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamagawo amagetsi, zida za semiconductor ndi ma inverters a magalimoto amagetsi oyera (EV) ndi magalimoto amagetsi osakanizidwa (HEV), ndipo ali ndi mwayi waukulu wamsika komanso chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito.

Pakadali pano, mphamvu yopindika ya 650 MPa, kulimba kwa 5-7 MPa·m1/2, ndi matenthedwe matenthedwe a 85 W/(m·K) amafunikira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito malonda apamwamba a silicon nitride ceramic substrate materials. Gulu la Toshiba, Hitachi Metals, Nippon Electric Chemical, Maruwa, ndi Nippon Fine Ceramics ndi makampani oyambira omwe ali ndi mphamvu zopanga zitsulo za silicon nitride ceramic zomwe zimakhala ndi matenthedwe apamwamba kwambiri.

 

Kuphatikiza apo, pakhala kupita patsogolo pakufufuza kwapakhomo pazida za silicon nitride ceramic substrate. Pokonza njira ndi ndondomeko ya sintering, Beijing Sinoma Artificial Crystal Research Institute Co., Ltd. yakonzekera bwino silicon nitride ceramic substrate yokhala ndi mphamvu yopindika ya 700-800MPa, kulimba kwa ≥8MPa · m1/2, ndi matenthedwe matenthedwe a ≥80W/(m·K·80W/) Silicon nitride ceramic substrate yopangidwa ndi Beijing Branch ya Sinoma High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira tepi imakhala ndi matenthedwe a 100 W/(m·K).

 

Magalimoto amagetsi pakali pano akuyandikira pafupi ndi nzeru chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu komanso chitukuko cha nzeru zamakono (AI). Opanga magalimoto awonetsanso chidwi ndi zida zosiyanasiyana za ceramic, kuphatikiza zida zonyamulira lidar, mabuleki a carbon ceramic, MLCC yapamwamba kwambiri, zida za ceramic thermal conductive, etc.

 

Kupanga ma semiconductors

Lamulo la mafakitale la "m'badwo umodzi waukadaulo, m'badwo umodzi wa njira, m'badwo umodzi wa zida" umayang'anira makampani opanga ma semiconductor, ndipo kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wagawo lagawo ndikofunikira kuti zida za semiconductor zikhale zamakono komanso zamakono. Magawo a ceramic precision ndiye zida zoyimira kwambiri pazigawo zolondola za semiconductor pakati pawo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zingapo zazikulu zopangira semiconductor, kuphatikiza etching, kuyika kwa nthunzi wamankhwala, kuyika kwa nthunzi wakuthupi, ndi kuyika ion. monga zida zogwirira ntchito zamakina, ma chucks a electrostatic, ma liner, njanji zowongolera, ndi zonyamula, pakati pa ena. Imagwira ntchito zokhazikika, chitetezo, ndi zosokoneza, makamaka mkati mwa zida.

 

Kupanga ma semiconductor Makampani opanga ma semiconductor amayendetsedwa ndi lamulo la mafakitale la "m'badwo umodzi waukadaulo, m'badwo umodzi wa njira, m'badwo umodzi wa zida," ndipo kuwongolera kwaukadaulo wagawo lolondola ndikofunikira pakusintha ndi kubwereza kwa makina a semiconductor. Pazida zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magawo olondola a semiconductor, zida za ceramic zolondola ndizoyimira kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa etching, kuyika kwa nthunzi wamankhwala, kuyika kwa nthunzi wakuthupi, ndi kuyika ma ion, pakati pa njira zina zofunika zopangira semiconductor. monga ma fani, ma liner, njanji zowongolera, ma chucks a electrostatic, ndi manja ogwirira ntchito, kungotchula ochepa. Zimagwira ntchito ngati kusokoneza, chitetezo, komanso kukhazikika, makamaka mkati mwa zida zapabowo.

 

 

Makampani opulumutsa mphamvu komanso kuteteza chilengedwe

Motsogozedwa ndi ndondomeko ya dziko la "dual carbon", mafakitale onse akupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono pofuna kupulumutsa mphamvu, kuchepetsa mpweya, kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe, ndi kukonza bwino. Pansi pa izi, makampani a ceramic amayang'anizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kutetezedwa kwa chilengedwe, koma kumabweretsanso mwayi watsopano wazinthu za ceramic.

 

 

01 Ceramic membrane

Kuti m'malo ochiritsira kusefera kulekana luso luso kulekana nembanemba ndi nembanemba ceramic pachimake pakali pano makamaka ntchito monga mkulu-mwachangu kulekana ndondomeko mu makampani ndondomeko ndi minda wapadera madzi mankhwala kwa kusefera kulekana, ndende ndi kuyeretsedwa, ndi kuyeretsedwa ndi kuchotsa zonyansa.

Ceramic flat membrane

Pakati pawo, zamadzimadzi zomwe zimakhala zovuta zimatha kusefedwa, kulekanitsidwa, ndi kuyeretsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba za ceramic. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi kukana kupanikizika, kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwa mankhwala, kusefa kwakukulu, kudalirika kwabwino, kutsika mtengo kwa ntchito ndi kukonza, moyo wotalikirapo wautumiki, komanso kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe m'moyo wonse ndi zina mwazochita zawo. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso kukwezedwa m'malo a zinyalala zamatauni, kugawa madzi oyeretsera, kuthira madzi akuda ndi onunkhira, kubwezeretsedwanso kwa madzi, komanso kuthira madzi onyansa pamapaki. Ndilo gawo loyambirira lachitukuko pagawo la ma membrane olekanitsa a ceramic ochita bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ali ndi chiyembekezo chambiri chamsika.

Pamodzi ndi kuyeretsa madzi, kasamalidwe ka kuwonongeka kwa mpweya m'dziko langa alinso pafupi. Chothandizira zachilengedwe chosowa zachilengedwe cha nano-denitrification chothandizira zachilengedwe chimayikidwa pa ceramic fiber composite nembanemba ngati gulu lothandizira kuti lipange nembanemba yotentha kwambiri ya denitrification ndikuchotsa fumbi, chinthu chosefera chokhala ndi denitrification yophatikizika ndi ntchito zochotsa fumbi zomwe zimatha kuyeretsedwa mwachindunji kwa gasi pansi pa kutentha kwambiri.

 

 

02 Airgel

Kukula kwakukulu kobiriwira komanso kotsika kwa mpweya wa aerogel, chinthu chotenthetsera kwambiri, kwapangitsa kuthekera kokulirapo kwa gawo la airgel mpaka pano. Tekinoloje yatsopano ya airgel ikuyembekezeka kuphatikizidwa ndi kukula kwa zobiriwira zobiriwira kuti zipange zida zatsopano zogwirira ntchito mogwirizana ndi momwe mafakitale obiriwira akukula mwachangu.

 

Airgel ili ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, ultra-high porosity, low refractive index, low thermal conductivity, low acoustic impedance ndi zina zomwe zida zolimba sizikhala nazo. Makhalidwewa amapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pazachitetezo chamafuta, biomedicine, kutchinjiriza mawu, kutsatsa, ndi zina zambiri, komanso kuthekera kwa msika ndikwambiri.

 

 

Makampani a biomedicine

Kuchulukirachulukira kwa implants ndi ziwalo zopangira zizigwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo azachipatala pomwe anthu akukula komanso miyoyo ya anthu ikukhala bwino. M'dziko langa, zitsulo monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi cobalt alloys akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa machiritso a mafupa ndi kukonza mafupa chifukwa cha machitidwe awo apamwamba ndi olamulira; komabe, biocompatibility yawo ikusowa. Chifukwa chake, msika ndi kafukufuku wazinthu zokutira kapena ma bioceramics omwe ali athanzi komanso ogwirizana akukula mwachangu.

Chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo kwapadera komanso kusavala, zoumba ngati Al2O3, ZrO2, ZTA, Si3N4, ndi zinthu zina zadothi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma opaleshoni onyamula katundu, implants zamano, zolowa m'malo mwa mafupa, ndi zina zotero. Zirconium oxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza popanga mano, koma kukonzanso kwa magalasi ndi kukongola kwake chifukwa cha kukongola kwa magalasi. Mwa izi, silicon nitride imaphatikiza mphamvu ya bactericidal ndi zodzipaka mafuta, ndipo implant yake imakhala yokhazikika kwanthawi yayitali.

Mu 2022, kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse wa zida za ceramic zachipatala kukuyembekezeka kukhala pafupifupi $15 biliyoni ya USD. Mu 2022, msika wa zida za ceramic ku China ukuyembekezeka kukhala wamtengo wapatali pafupifupi madola 4.5 biliyoni aku US. Mwa iwo, aluminiyamu zadothi amapanga ambiri (pafupifupi 60%). Silicon nitride ceramics amagwiritsidwa ntchito poika mafupa a mafupa, pamene zirconia ceramics amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu zamano.

 

 

Gawo lazamlengalenga

Ma Ceramics nthawi zonse amakhala odziwika bwino chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Makampani ankhondo ndi zakuthambo ndi misika iwiri yomwe imakonda kwambiri zopangira zida zadothi. "Kutentha kwapamwamba" ndi "stealth" ndi mizere iwiri yayikulu yotukuka muzamlengalenga.

 

Mbadwo watsopano wamainjini oyendetsa ndege ankhondo uli ndi kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa zida zatsopano zolimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri monga kuthekera kwa makhiristo amodzi, zokutira zotchinga zamafuta, komanso kuziziritsa kwamphamvu kwa mpweya kumachepa pang'onopang'ono. SiC/SiC-CMC yatuluka ngati imodzi mwazosankha zapamwamba zamapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri osagwirizana ndi kutentha. SiC/SiC-CMC imalimbikitsidwa ndikulimba kwambiri ndi silicon carbide fiber. Zopangira zofunikira kwambiri za SiC/SiC-CMC ndi silicon carbide fiber, yomwe imakhala ndi kutentha kopitilira 1200 ° C ndipo yakopa chidwi champhamvu zandege pampikisano wofufuza.

 

 

Zomwe zimakhala ndi sing'anga yoyamwa (yoyamwa) ndi matrix (yomwe nthawi zina imadziwika kuti binder), zida zoyamwa ndi zina mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zobisika. Silicon carbide ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida za ceramic zokhala ndi magulu ambiri; organic ceramic nanoparticles ndi organic polima zida kuphatikiza kupanga ceramic infuraredi chozemba zipangizo, mtundu wa zokutira. Pofuna kupanga mayamwidwe amtundu wa burodibandi wamaginito amagetsi, ma nanoparticles adothi amapangidwa mofananamo amwazikana mu matrix opangidwa ndi polima ndikuwongolera mosamala.