Maindasitiri mashanu makuru ekuvandudza ramangwana rezvigadzirwa zveceramic

Indasitiri yemotokari dzemagetsi

 

China yakagadzira uye yakatengesa 6.253 miriyoni uye 6.067 miriyoni emagetsi emagetsi mota, zvichiteerana, pakati paNdira naMbudzi, kusvika kunosvika zana muzana pagore, paine 25% yemusika, zvichienderana nenhamba dzichangoburwa kubva kuChina Association of Automobile Manufacturers. Pamwe chete nekugadzira uye kukura kwekutengesa kwakapfuura musika panguva iyoyo, kupinza kwemotokari nyowani kwapfuura 36% uye kuri kuramba kuchikwira. Tekinoroji yemotokari yemagetsi inogara ichishanduka, iyo yakakurumidza kutsiva chikamu chayo magadzirirwo uye zvinhu. Iko kushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi matsva kwambundira zvizere zvemberi zveceramic zvinhu nekuda kweakasarudzika mabhenefiti ekuita.

Pakati pavo, HIP silicon nitride inotakura mabhora uye yakakwira yekupisa conductivity silicon nitride substrates yakapararira.

 

 

01 HIP Mabhora eSilicon Nitride Bearings

Mabearings emota dzemotokari itsva dzinoda kudzika midzi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvisingapfeki nekuda kwemitengo yadzo yepamusoro kana ichienzaniswa nemabhengi akajairwa. Musilicon nitride ceramic bearings, mabhora anogadzira kupisa kushoma uye kupokana mukati mekutakura system. Kunyanya, silicon nitride inoitika zvakasikwa insulator yemagetsi inogona kudzivirira ngura yemagetsi kubva pakutakura kubuda, kurebesa hupenyu hwemafuta uye mabhengi, uye pakupedzisira kukonzera kutadza kubereka. Yakanakira kushandiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, kusanganisira mota dzemagetsi.

 

Ceramic bearings vari kuwedzera kutsiva simbi bhora mabhengi muzera remagetsi madhiraivha. Silicon nitride ceramic bhora insulated bearings inoshandiswa mudzimba Xiaopeng P7, G9, Weilai ET7, uye mamwe mamodheru. Semuyenzaniso, inobuda shaft yemota inoshandiswa naTesla inoshandisa ceramic bearings, hybrid ceramic bearings yakagadzirwa neNSK, uye inotakura mabhora akagadzirwa ne50 silicon nitride balls.

Kupisa isostatic pressing (HIP) uye gasi pressure sintering (GPS) ndiyo nzira mbiri dzekugadzirira dzesilicon nitride ceramic ball sintering. Idzi nzira mbiri dzinoburitsa mabhora eceramic anowanzo shandiswa muzvirongwa zvakawanda. HIP silicon nitride inopa hukuru hwemagetsi hunhu uye hupenyu hwekuneta hurefu kupfuura GPS silicon nitride.

Parizvino, mafemu ekunze anozivikanwa anoramba achidzora chikamu chemusika wepasi rose negwara rekusimudzira, ukuwo makambani eJapan, Europe, neAmerica achiramba achitonga mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvepamusoro zveceramic. 2015 yakaona kugadzwa kweNational Materials High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. murudzi rwangu.

yakaita budiriro huru muhunyanzvi hwekugadzira misa inopisa yakadzvanywa silicon nitride ceramic balls, zvichiita kuti ive kambani yekutanga muChina kumisa kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwezvinhu izvi uye kambani yechitatu yese, kumashure kweToshiba kuJapan neKustec muUnited States. SKF muSweden, Timken muUS, GMN muGermany, uye Forsa muSpain ndedzimwe nyika dzinotumirwa zvigadzirwa zvayo. Uyezve, nzira dzakafananidzwa dzinoshandiswa naSinoceramic Jinsheng uye nevamwe kugadzira silicon nitride inobereka mabhora ane 1000 MPa kupeta simba.

 

 

02 High thermal conductivity silicon nitride ceramic substrate

Silicon nitride ceramic substrates inonyanya kushandiswa mumayuniti emagetsi, semiconductor zvishandiso uye inverters yemotokari dzemagetsi dzakachena (EV) uye mota dzemagetsi dzakasanganiswa (HEV), uye dzine mukana wakakura wemusika uye tarisiro yekushandisa.

Parizvino, kukotamisa simba re650 MPa, kuomarara kwekutsemuka kwe5–7 MPa · m1/2, uye kupisa kwemhepo kwe85 W/(m·K) kunodiwa pakushandiswa kwekutengesa kweyakakwira thermal conductivity silicon nitride ceramic substrate zvinhu. Iyo Toshiba Group, Hitachi Metals, Nippon Electric Chemical, Maruwa, uye Nippon Fine Ceramics ndiwo makambani ekutanga ane kugona kugadzira akawanda-silicon nitride ceramic substrates ine yakanyanya kupisa conductivity.

 

Pamusoro pezvo, kwave nekufambira mberi mukutsvagisa kwepamba pane silicon nitride ceramic substrate zvinhu. Nekugadzirisa nzira yekuisa uye maitiro, Beijing Sinoma Artificial Crystal Research Institute Co., Ltd. yakabudirira kugadzirira silicon nitride ceramic substrate ine simba rekukotama re700-800MPa, kuomarara kwekutsemuka kwe ≥8MPa · m1/2, uye kupisa kwekushisa kwe ≥80W/(m · 80W). Iyo silicon nitride ceramic substrate inogadzirwa neBeijing Bazi reSinoma High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. vachishandisa tepi yekukanda maitiro ine thermal conductivity ye100 W/(m·K).

 

Motokari dzemagetsi iye zvino dziri kuswedera pedyo nehungwaru nekuda kwekuwedzera kukurumbira kwemotokari itsva dzemagetsi uye kuvandudzwa kwehungwaru hwekugadzira (AI). Vagadziri vemotokari vakaratidzawo kufarira zvakasiyana-siyana zveceramic zvinhu, zvinosanganisira lidar packing materials, carbon ceramic brakes, high-capacity MLCC, ceramic thermal conductive materials, nezvimwewo.

 

Kugadzira semiconductors

Mutemo weindasitiri we "chizvarwa chimwe chetekinoroji, chizvarwa chimwe chemaitiro, chizvarwa chimwe chemidziyo" inotonga iyo semiconductor indasitiri, uye kufambira mberi mune chaiyo chikamu tekinoroji kwakakosha pakuvandudza uye iteration yemidziyo yesemiconductor. Precision ceramic parts ndiyo inonyanya kumiririra zvinhu zve semiconductor precision zvikamu pakati pazvo. Iwo anoshandiswa mune akati wandei akakosha semiconductor ekugadzira maitiro, anosanganisira etching, kemikari vapor deposition, muviri vapor deposition, uye ion implantation. semakanika ekubata maoko, electrostatic chucks, liner, inotungamira njanji, uye mabhengi, pakati pezvimwe. Inoita mabasa ekudzikamisa, kudzivirira, uye kukanganisa, kunyanya mukati megomba remidziyo.

 

Kugadzirwa kwemasemiconductors Iyo semiconductor indasitiri inotongwa nemutemo weindasitiri we "chizvarwa chimwe chehunyanzvi, chizvarwa chimwe chemaitiro, chizvarwa chimwe chemidziyo," uye kuvandudzwa kwechikamu chetekinoroji kwakakosha pakuvandudza uye kudzokorora kwemichina yesemiconductor. Pazvinhu zvese zvinoshandiswa semiconductor precision zvikamu, precision ceramic parts ndiyo inomiririra zvakanyanya. Ivo vanoshandirwa mu etching, makemikari vapor deposition, muviri vapor deposition, uye ion implantation, pakati pemamwe akakosha semiconductor kugadzira maitiro. senge mabearings, liner, njanji dzinotungamira, electrostatic chucks, uye michina inobata maoko, kutaura mashoma. Inoshanda senge diversion, dziviriro, uye kudzikamisa, kunyanya mukati megomba remidziyo.

 

 

Indasitiri yekuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza

Pasi pekutungamira kweiyo nyika "dual carbon" mutemo, maindasitiri ese ari kusimukira zvishoma nezvishoma munzira yekuchengetedza simba, kuderedza kabhoni, kuderedza kusvibiswa, uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, indasitiri yeceramic inotarisana nekushandiswa kwesimba uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, asi inounzawo mikana mitsva yekuvandudza kune ceramic zvinhu.

 

 

01 Ceramic membrane

Kuitira kutsiva yakajairika filtration kupatsanura tekinoroji, membrane kupatsanura tekinoroji ine ceramic membrane pamusimboti wayo parizvino inonyanya kushandiswa seyakanyanya-kunyatso kupatsanurwa maitiro muindasitiri yekugadzira uye minda yakakosha yekuchenesa mvura yekuparadzanisa kupatsanurwa, kusungirirwa uye kucheneswa, uye kucheneswa nekubviswa kwetsvina.

Ceramic flat membrane

Pakati pazvo, zvinwiwa muzvikamu zvakaoma zvinogona kusefa, kupatsanurwa, uye kucheneswa uchishandisa yakakwirira-inoshanda ceramic flat membranes. Tembiricha yepamusoro uye kuramba kumanikidzwa, kugadzikana kwemakemikari kwakasimba, kusefa kwakanyanya, kuvimbika kwakanaka, mutengo wakaderera wekushandisa uye kugadzirisa, hupenyu hwesevhisi hwakawedzerwa, uye hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza mukati mehupenyu hwese humwe hunhu hwavo. Yakave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya uye nekusimudzirwa munzvimbo dzemaseji esuweji, yakagovaniswa kurapwa kwemvura, dema uye kunhuwa kwemvura kurapwa, kudzoreredzwa kushandiswa kwemvura, uye maindasitiri epaki tsvina yemvura. Ndiyo yekutanga danho rekusimudzira mumunda wepasi rose-inoshanda-ceramic separation membranes uye ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwemusika tarisiro.

Pamwe chete nekugadziriswa kwemvura, kutonga kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo munyika yangu zvakare kwave pedyo. Iyo inoshamwaridzana nemhoteredzo isingawanzo pasi-simbi oxide system nano-denitrification catalyst inotakurwa paceramic fiber composite membrane zvinhu semuviri wekutsigira kugadzira yakakwirira-tembiricha faibha membrane yekubvisa uye kubvisa guruva, sefa chinhu chine yakabatanidzwa denitrification uye guruva kubviswa mabasa anogona kuwana yakananga kucheneswa kwegasi pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwakanyanya.

 

 

02 Airgel

Iyo yakakura yakasvibira uye yakaderera-kabhoni kusimudzira yeaerogel, yakanyanya insulating zvinhu, yakagadzira kusvika zvino zvisati zvambonzwa-zvinogona kukura kweiyo airgel sector. Iyo nyowani airgel tekinoroji inotarisirwa kubatanidzwa nekukura kwekugadzira yakasvibira kugadzira zvimwe zvitsva zvekushandisa zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana nemaitiro emaindasitiri egirinhi ari kusimukira nekukurumidza.

 

Airgel ine yakanyanya kuderera density, ultra-yakakwirira porosity, yakaderera refractive index, yakaderera thermal conductivity, yakaderera acoustic impedance uye humwe hunhu husina general solid zvinhu. Aya maitiro anoita kuti ive netarisiro huru yekushandisa muminda yekupisa kwemafuta, biomedicine, ruzha rwekuvharidzira, adsorption, nezvimwe, uye mukana wekuda kwemusika wakakura.

 

 

Indasitiri ye biomedicine

Kuwedzera uye kuwedzera maimplants uye nhengo dzenhengo dzichashandiswa munzvimbo dzekurapa sezvo nzanga inokura uye hupenyu hwevanhu hunoita zvirinani. Murudzi rwangu, simbi dzakaita sesimbi isina tsvina uye cobalt alloys zvakagara zvichishandiswa kurapa kwemapfupa uye kugadzirisa nekuda kwehukuru hwemakina uye kutonga hunhu; zvisinei, biocompatibility yavo iri kushomeka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, musika uye tsvagiridzo yezvipfeko zvekupfeka kana bioceramics zvine hutano uye zvinoenderana zvakanyanya zviri kuwedzera nekukurumidza.

Nekuda kwekusimba kwavo kwekutyoka nekusapfeka, biomedical ceramics seAl2O3, ZrO2, ZTA, Si3N4, uye zvinhu zvine hukama zvakaumbwa zveceramic zvinowanzoshandiswa mukuvhiya-inotakura maprostheses, mazino anodyara, zvinotsiva mapfupa, nezvimwewo. Zirconium oxide inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira mazino, asi girazi rinodzoreredza kusimba kwayo nekuda kwekunaka kwegirazi. Pakati peizvi, silicon nitride inosanganisa iyo bactericidal mhedzisiro uye yekuzvinyudza, uye kuisirwa kwayo kune kwenguva yakareba yakagadzikana biological kugadzikana.

Muna 2022, saizi yemusika wepasi rose wezvokurapa ceramic zvinhu inofungidzirwa kunge ingangoita madhora mabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu emadhora. Muna 2022, musika wezvokurapa ceramic zvinhu muChina unotarisirwa kunge uchikosha mabhiriyoni mana nemazana mashanu emadhora ekuAmerica. Pakati pavo, aluminium ceramics ndiyo yakawanda (inenge 60%). Silicon nitride ceramics inoshandiswa kugadzira orthopedic implants, nepo zirconia ceramics inonyanya kushandiswa mukurapa mazino.

 

 

The Aerospace sector

Ceramics inogara yakamira kunze kwekuita kwavo kwakasarudzika mune dzakasiyana siyana dzakaomarara mamiriro ekushandisa. Mauto uye maindasitiri emuchadenga ndiwo maviri anonyanya kufarirwa misika yekushandisa yemakeramiki epamberi. "Yakakwira tembiricha kuramba" uye "kubira" ndiwo maviri ekutanga ceramic mitsara yekusimudzira muindasitiri yeaerospace.

 

Chizvarwa chitsva cheinjini dzendege dzemauto chine kudiwa kuri kuwedzera kwezvinhu zvitsva zvinodzivirira kudziya kwepamusoro sekugona kwekristaro imwe chete, mabhairi ekupisa, uye kutonhora kwemhepo kunopera zvishoma nezvishoma. SiC/SiC-CMC yabuda seimwe yesarudzo dzepamusoro dzepamusoro-tembiricha inodzivirira zvimiro zvezvinhu. SiC/SiC-CMC inosimbiswa uye kuomeswa muchikamu chikuru nesilicon carbide fiber. Iyo inonyanya kukosha mbishi yeSiC/SiC-CMC isilicon carbide fiber, ine tembiricha inodzivirira inopfuura 1200 ° C uye yakakwevera kutarisisa kwemasimba endege mumakwikwi ekutsvagisa.

 

 

Kazhinji inosanganisira inonwisa svikiro (absorbent) uye matrix zvinhu (dzimwe nguva inozivikanwa sebhainda), zvinhu zvinonwisa zviri pakati pezvakakosha zvekubira zvinhu. Silicon carbide ndiyo yekutanga chinhu chinoshandiswa kugadzira akawanda-bhendi anonzvenga zvinhu zveceramic; inorganic ceramic nanoparticles uye inorganic polymer zvinhu zvinosanganiswa kugadzira ceramic infrared stealth zvinhu, rudzi rwekupfeka. Kuti ibudise inoshanda Broadband electromagnetic wave absorption, inorganic ceramic nanoparticles inoparadzirwa zvakafanana mune inorganic polymer matrix uye inodzorwa zvakanyatsonaka.