ʻIke ʻia ka haʻawina hou i nā mea kanu lāʻau Titanium i ʻoi loa ka maikaʻi

3D paʻi titanium kaʻina

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kaʻina hana kuʻuna, ʻike ʻia nā mea maikaʻi o ka ʻenehana paʻi 3D e hana i nā kiʻi implant surgical implant i loko: hiki i ka 3D paʻi manuahi manuahi hiki ke hana wikiwiki a pololei i ka implant kūloko, hiki ke lanakila i ke ʻano kuʻuna honua implant kiʻi i kūpono ʻole me ke kino o ke kanaka a ʻaʻole kūpono kona mau waiwai i nā pilikia maʻamau; I ka hana ʻana i nā hale paʻakikī a me nā huahana paʻakikī, nā micro-structures pilikino, ʻoi aku ka porous ma o nā hale, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō wale i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika, akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ka biohistocompatibility.

Hiki i kēia pūʻulu o nā pōmaikaʻi ke lanakila i nā pilikia maʻamau o ka pale koʻikoʻi a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā implants. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻenehana SLM a me ka ʻenehana EBM i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia a hoʻohana nui ʻia.

Hoʻohana ʻo Selective Laser Melting (SLM) i ka laser ma ke ʻano he kumu wela e hoʻomaʻamaʻa koho i nā mea pauka i kau mua ʻia e hoʻokō i ka hoʻoheheʻe wikiwiki ʻana. ʻO ke kumu hana nui ʻo ia ma lalo o ke kaiapuni pale kino inert, ka mea hana a me nā mea hana e hoʻomalu i ka kukuna laser e like me ke ala scanning hoʻopiha i hana ʻia e ke ʻano hoʻolālā ʻōnaehana e koho a hoʻoheheʻe i kēlā me kēia papa o ka pauka.

A laila hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka paepae i lalo, waiho hou ʻia ka pauka a hana hou ʻia ka sintering a hiki i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka pale kinoea inert e pale i ka metala mai ka hana ʻana me nā kinoea ʻē aʻe i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka ʻenehana SLM kahi ākea ākea o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea, mālama waiwai a hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻolālā a hoʻomākaukau i ka ʻōnaehana kākoʻo paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻenehana SLM.

Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā SLM kekahi mau hemahema: no ka palena o ka mana laser a me ka scanning galvanometer deflection Angle, e kaupalena ʻia ka nui o nā ʻāpana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e SLM; ʻO nā lasers mana kiʻekiʻe a me nā lako optical kiʻekiʻe ke kumu kūʻai i ka hana ʻana, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka ukana waiwai i kekahi ʻano. Ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pauka i ka ʻenehana SLM, pilikia paha ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e koi ana i ka hana lua o ka huahana e hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ma hope; Hiki i ka spheroidization a me ka warping defects i ke kaʻina hana, kahi e koi ai i kahi ʻanuʻu hou e hoʻopaʻa pono i ke kaʻina hana Electron beam melting, ʻo EBM kahi kaʻina e hoʻohana ai i ka kukuna electron ma ke ʻano wela e hoʻoheheʻe ai i ka metala pauka papa ma ka papa i loko o ke kaiapuni vacuum no ka hana hoʻohui.

ʻO kāna kumu hana: ka pauka i uhi mua ʻia, ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka ikehu electron kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka nānā ʻana e hana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe ma ka wahi liʻiliʻi e nānā i ka papa lepo e hana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ma o ka electron beam e hoʻomau i ka nānā ʻana e hana i ka ikehu ma waena o ka melt pool fusion a me ka solidification, i hoʻohui ʻia i kahi laina laina a me ka planar metala.

Ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka papa o kēia manawa, e hana hou i ka hana hoʻomoe i ka pauka. Ma ke kaʻina hana, hoʻohana ʻo EBM i ka ea hehee maoli e hōʻoia i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ka mea a pale i ka oxidation o ka alloy. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me SLM, ʻo nā pono nui o ka EBM: ʻo ka hana maikaʻi o ka mana electron beam e hoʻopau i ka mana liʻiliʻi, kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki o ka hana, i kiʻekiʻe ka mana maoli o ka mīkini holoʻokoʻa; ʻAʻole pono ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻāpana o ka mea hana i ka deflection o ka beam electron, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ai i ka wikiwiki scanning. ʻO ke kaiapuni wela maikaʻi e hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana paʻi 3D, e hōʻoia i kona mau waiwai mechanical static, hoʻokō i nā koi olaola, a hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka pauka metala.

ʻO ke kūlana a me ka holomua o nā implants surgical paʻi 3D

ʻO nā implants ʻokiʻoki a me nā orthotics me ka paʻi 3D he manaʻo hoʻohiki no ka noi ma ke kahua o ka osteology. I kēia manawa ua nui aʻe3D mea paʻi implante like me ka lohe ʻana i ka maʻi AIDS, nā lālā prosthetic, nā alakaʻi ʻoki kino orthopedic pilikino, nā hui hana, nā pepeiao waho hana, nā implants niho pilikino a me nā noi ʻē aʻe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau pilikino. Wahi a nā hōʻike, i ka makahiki 2014, ua hoʻokomo pono nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Peking i kahi keikikāne 12 makahiki me kahi spine artificial 3D i paʻi ʻia me nā micro-hole, ʻo ia ka hihia mua ma ka honua. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻokomo nā kauka a me nā ʻepekema i kahi kaikamahine 5 makahiki ma Scotland me kahi pālima prosthetic paʻi 3D.

Ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ka Stomatology Specialty Center o ka Halemai 411th o ka People's Liberation Army i ka ʻenehana EBM no ka hana maʻamau a hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi implant mandibular titanium alloy me ka hoʻohālikelike pilikino o ke anatomy no ka mea maʻi hemimaxillary resection. I ka wā o ka hana ʻana, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻoki ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana hoʻokahi i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a ua hoʻoponopono ʻia a kūkulu hou ʻia ka maʻi kīnā. Ua ʻoluʻolu ka hopena postoperative. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Lethaus B a me nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe i ka ʻenehana paʻi 3D no ke kūkulu hou ʻana i nā iwi a me nā microvascular flaps i nā maʻi 20 me ka ʻokiʻoki mandibular, i hoʻopōkole i ka manawa hana a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka hana, a ua maikaʻi ka hopena postoperative. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua puka mai nā nūhou like ʻole a me nā noiʻi i loko o kahi kahawai pau ʻole, e hōʻike piha ana i nā manaʻo noi maikaʻi o ka paʻi 3D ma ke kahua olakino.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā huahana orthopedic, 3D i paʻi ʻia nā mea hoʻokomo ʻokiʻoki e neʻe mālie ana i ka ʻoihana kūʻai a me ka mākeke. I ka makahiki 2007, ua paʻi ʻia nā kīʻaha acetabulum paʻi 3D me nā scaffolder ʻiʻo paʻa i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka hui ʻItalia ʻo Adler Ortho a me LIma-LTO i hala i ka hōʻoia CE. Ua ʻae ʻia ka huahana a Exactech e FDA i ka makahiki 2010. I ka makahiki 2009, ʻo ka mea hoʻohui kino kino holoʻokoʻa a pau i hana ʻia e ka hui AMT ʻAmelika me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paʻi 3D i hala i ka palapala EU CE. I ka makahiki 2013, ua ʻae ʻia ka huahana implant iwi poʻo bioprinted mua ma United States e ka FDA, ʻo ia hoʻi ka kiʻi implant poʻo PEEK 3D i paʻi ʻia ma ka honua.

Ma kēia kumu, i ka makahiki 2014, ua loaʻa i ka United States Oxford Company ka ʻae ʻia o FDA no ka paʻi 3D i nā huahana iwi maxillofacial (5IOK mode). Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia ma Sepatemaba 2015, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka 3D i paʻi ʻia i ke kanaka implant - artificial hip joint i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka Halemai ʻekolu o Beijing Medicine a me Beijing Aikang Yicheng Medical Equipment Co., LTD., Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia e ka State Food and Drug Administration. Ua komo ka hui pūhaka paʻi 3D i ka "pae hana nui", ʻo ia hoʻi ua piʻi pū nā implants paʻi 3D o Kina i ke kahua o ka hana.

Ua hōʻike ka ʻenehana paʻi 3D i kahi kuleana nui i ka ʻepekema lapaʻau a me ka ʻenehana hou, a ʻo ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā prostheses implant pilikino, nā lālā prosthetic, nā implants niho a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka nui a ʻoi aku ka nui. No laila, ʻo ka loiloi biosafety o nā implants i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e kēia kaʻina hana hou e pono ai ka nānā ʻana.

E noiʻi e pili ana i ka biosafety o ka paʻi 3D titanium

Hōʻike nui ʻia ka palekana o nā mea biomedical i ka pilina ma waena o nā kiko a me nā mea. I mea e hiki ai i nā mea metala biomedical ke hoʻokō i nā kūlana o nā mea implanted, pono e koi ʻia ka hopena i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka implantation i loko o ke kino kanaka i kahi pae ʻae ʻia, a i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohuli i nā loli qualitative i ka hoʻolālā a me nā waiwai o ka mea. Hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ke kino kanaka a me ke kino o ke kanaka i kāna biocompatibility a me ka hana biological.

No laila, ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana i loko o ke kino kanaka, ʻaʻole pono ka implant e hoʻoulu i nā hopena ʻino e like me ka allergy, ka mumū a me ke kemika i loko o nā pūnaewele kanaka, ke koko a me nā ʻāpana, a i ʻole ka hōʻole ʻana i nā kino haole. I ka manawa like, koi ʻia nā implants e pono e hoʻokomo ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi e loaʻa nā waiwai mechanical static maikaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, lawa ka ikaika, modulus elastic kūpono, kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa maikaʻi a me ka paʻa paʻa. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka titanium alloy i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa lāʻau lapaʻau, a ʻo ka noiʻi biocompatibility ua oʻo. No laila, ʻo ka palekana o nā ʻāpana alloy titanium e pili ana i ka paʻi 3D e pili nui ana i ka palekana o kāna hana biomechanical.

ʻO ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka implant metala 3D i nā huahana implant maʻamau o ke kaʻina hana kuʻuna e pili ana i nā waiwai mechanical, corrosion resistance a me biocompatibility, a inā paha e hiki i kekahi o nā waiwai mechanical static o ka implant alloy ke hoʻokō i ka noi lapaʻau a ke holomua nei nā kūlana aupuni. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka ʻāpana static mechanical waiwai o 3D paʻi titanium implants hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono lapaʻau. ʻO nā laʻana Ti6A14V i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka ʻenehana EBM ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e ka hoʻāʻo tensile pololei a me ka hoʻāʻo hoʻopaʻa isostatic wela. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā laʻana TI6A14V ma mua o ka maʻamau forging.

ʻO ke kūpaʻa o ka corrosion o ka hui Co-Cr-Mo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka ʻenehana SLM e like me ka mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ke kaʻina hana kuʻuna, a ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ion i loko o ke kaiapuni salivary simulated ka liʻiliʻi o ka paʻi 3D ma mua o ke kaʻina hana kuʻuna. ʻO ka huahana Ti6A14V i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka ʻenehana DMLS ua ʻike ʻia e ka hui EOS i loaʻa nā ʻano mechanical static like a me ke kūpaʻa luhi e like me ka hana kuʻuna ma o ka hoʻoponopono kūpono. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka porous titanium alloy vertebrae fusion device i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e EBM i loko o ke kino kao a loaʻa i nā hopena maikaʻi i ke kumu hoʻohālike cervical fusion o nā hipa. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pilina iwi ma mua o ka mea hoʻohui PEEK.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi, ʻaʻole kūlike ka modulus elastic a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka titanium alloy i nā waiwai o ka iwi kanaka, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ke ʻano o ka "pale koʻikoʻi" i loko o ka ʻiʻo iwi peripheral o ka implant a kumu i ka osteoporosis, ka hopena o ka absorption iwi, wehe a nalowale o ka implant a me ka hemahema. I mea e hōʻemi ai i kēia pilikia me nā implants titanium, ua komo nā implants porous structure i nā maka o nā mea noiʻi. I kēia manawa, ua hōʻike nā haʻawina e hiki i ka paʻi 3D ke hoʻoponopono i ka microstructure o nā implants me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hoʻololi i kā lākou elastic modulus a me nā waiwai mechanical, i mea e kūlike me ka iwi iwi kanaka a hoʻomaikaʻi hou i nā hana biomechanical ma ke kumu o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ukana physiological kūpono.

Ua hana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu o ke kino Ti6AI4V e ka ʻenehana hana EBM, a ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka void kūloko me ka hoʻolālā theoretical ma lalo o ka scanning electron microscopy, i loaʻa i ka mana pololei o EBM ma ke ʻano o nā huahana paʻi 3D. Ma o ka ho'āʻo hana mechanical, ʻo 163MPa ka ikaika compressive e pili ana a ʻo ka modulus elastic he 14MPa ma 60.1% pore porosity, kahi kokoke i ka iwi kanaka. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka moʻomeheu cell in vitro i ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi ʻana.

Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā scaffolds porous e ka ʻenehana EBM ma o ka loiloi ʻana i nā ʻāpana hoʻolālā, a ua loiloi ʻia ko lākou mau waiwai mechanical. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka biomechanics o nā mea porous i hoʻolālā ʻia he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe i ka simulation o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka pae a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka implantation. ʻEkolu ʻano o ka porous titanium me 300gm, 600gm a me 900~tm i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e SLM i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka tibia rabbit no ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hopena o ka ratio pore i ka ulu iwi. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lōʻihi a me ka biocompatibility o ka iwi iwi me 600~m porous structure.

Mai ka manaʻo o ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka scaffold me ka porosity a me ka aperture hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka lawe ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i nā meaʻai i loko o ke kino kanaka, a hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hiki o ka ulu iwi, hoʻonui i ka hui ʻana o nā implants a me nā moena iwi, a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe o ka prosthesis, i loaʻa ai nā hopena olakino maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o ka titanium alloy paʻa. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo multi-hole titanium alloy step by step ka mea maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka ʻiʻo paʻakikī a me nā mea pani hou, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā implants titanium alloy 3D i paʻi ʻia me nā ʻano microscopic like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​hale i wehe ʻia i kahi kahua hou.