Amashishini amakhulu amahlanu ophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweemveliso zeceramic

Ishishini lezithuthi zombane

 

I-China ivelise kwaye ithengise i-6.253 yezigidi kunye ne-6.067 yezigidi zeemoto zamandla amatsha, ngokulandelanayo, phakathi kukaJanuwari noNovemba, ukuya malunga ne-100% ngonyaka, kunye nesabelo semarike se-25%, ngokutsho kwamanani akutshanje avela kwi-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers. Kunye nokuveliswa kunye nokukhula kwentengiso okuye kwadlula kude imarike ngelo xesha, ukungena kwemoto entsha yamandla kudlule i-36% kwaye iyaqhubeka nokunyuka. Itekhnoloji yemoto yombane ihlala iguquka, eye yakhawuleza ukutshintshwa koyilo lwamacandelo kunye nezixhobo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane zamandla amatsha kuye kwamkele ngokupheleleyo izixhobo ze-ceramic eziphambili ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo zokusebenza ezizodwa.

Phakathi kwazo, iibhola ezithwele i-HIP silicon nitride kunye ne-thermal conductivity ye-silicon nitride substrates zixhaphakile.

 

 

Iibhola ze-01 ze-HIP ze-Silicon Nitride Bearings

Iibheringi zeemoto zezithuthi zamandla amatsha zifuna ingxinano esezantsi kunye nezinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokunxiba ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okujikeleza xa kuthelekiswa neebheringi eziqhelekileyo. Kwiibheringi ze-silicon nitride ze-ceramic, iibhola zivelisa ubushushu obuncinci kunye nokukhuhlana ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokuthwala. Ngokukodwa, i-silicon nitride sisigqubuthelo sombane esivele ngokwemvelo esinokuthi sithintele ukubola kombane ekukhupheni ukukhutshwa, ukwandisa ubomi bezithambiso kunye neebheringi, kwaye ekugqibeleni kubangele ukusilela. Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, kuquka iimoto zombane.

 

Iibheringi zeCeramic zisanda kutshintsha iintsimbi zebhola zentsimbi kwiminyaka yokuqhuba umbane. Iibheringi ze-Silicon nitride zeceramic ze-ceramic ezifakwe ngaphakathi zisetyenziswa ekhaya Xiaopeng P7, G9, Weilai ET7, kunye nezinye iimodeli. Umzekelo, i-shaft ephumayo yemoto esetyenziswa nguTesla isebenzisa iibheringi ze-ceramic, iibheringi ze-ceramic ezixutyiweyo eziyilwe yi-NSK, kunye neebhola ezithwele ezenziwe ngeebhola ze-silicon nitride ezingama-50.

I-Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) kunye ne-gas pressure sintering (GPS) zezona ndlela zimbini zidumileyo zolungiselelo lwe-silicon nitride ceramic ball sintering. Ezi ndlela zimbini zivelisa iibhola ze-ceramic ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo ezininzi. I-HIP yesilicon nitride ibonelela ngeempawu eziphezulu zoomatshini kunye nobomi obude bokudinwa kune-GPS silicon nitride.

Okwangoku, iifemu ezaziwayo zangaphandle ziyaqhubeka nokulawula isabelo semarike yezizwe ngezizwe kunye nomkhombandlela wophuhliso, ngelixa iinkampani zaseJapan, zaseYurophu, nezaseMelika ziqhubeka nokulawula ukwenziwa kwezinto eziphezulu ze-ceramic. I-2015 yabona ukusekwa kwe-National Materials High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. kwisizwe sam.

yenza inkqubela ebonakalayo kubuchwepheshe bokuvelisa iibhola ezininzi ze-silicon nitride zeceramic ezicinezelekileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinkampani yokuqala e-China ukuseka imveliso eninzi yezi zinto kunye nenkampani yesithathu iyonke, emva kweToshiba eJapan kunye neKustec eMelika. I-SKF eSweden, i-Timken e-US, i-GMN eJamani, kunye ne-Forsa e-Spain ziphakathi kwamazwe apho iimveliso zayo zithunyelwa khona. Ngaphaya koko, iindlela ezithelekisekayo zisetyenziswa nguSinoceramic Jinsheng kunye nabanye ukwenza iibhola zesilicon nitride ezine-1000 MPa yokugoba.

 

 

02 I-thermal conductivity ephezulu ye-silicon nitride ceramic substrate

I-Silicon nitride ceramic substrates isetyenziswa ikakhulu kumacandelo ombane, izixhobo ze-semiconductor kunye nee-inverters zezithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo (EV) kunye ne-hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), kwaye zinamandla amakhulu emarike kunye nethemba lesicelo.

Okwangoku, amandla okugoba e-650 MPa, ukuqina kokuphuka kwe-5-7 MPa · m1/2, kunye ne-thermal conductivity ye-85 W / (m·K) iyafuneka kusetyenziso lwezorhwebo lwe-thermal conductivity ephezulu ye-silicon nitride ceramic substrate imathiriyeli. IQela leToshiba, iHitachi Metals, iNippon Electric Chemical, iMaruwa, kunye neNippon Fine Ceramics zezona nkampani zinesakhono sokuvelisa ngobuninzi i-silicon nitride ceramic substrates ezine-thermal conductivity ephezulu.

 

Ukongeza, kukho inkqubela phambili kuphando lwasekhaya malunga ne-silicon nitride ceramic substrate substrate. Ngokulungisa indlela ye-sintering kunye nenkqubo, iBeijing Sinoma Artificial Crystal Research Institute Co., Ltd. iye yalungiselela ngempumelelo i-silicon nitride ceramic substrate enamandla okugoba ye-700-800MPa, ukuqina kwe-fracture ≥8MPa · m1 / 2, kunye ne-thermal conductivity ye-≥80W / (m · 80W) / (m · 80W). I-silicon nitride ceramic substrate eyenziwe yi-Beijing Branch ye-Sinoma High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. isebenzisa inkqubo ye-tape casting ine-conductivity ye-thermal ye-100 W / (m·K).

 

Izithuthi zombane ngoku zihamba ngokusondeleyo kwi-intelligence ngenxa yokwanda kokuthandwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye nophuhliso lwengqondo yokwenziwa (AI). Abavelisi beemoto baye babonisa umdla kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ze-ceramic, kubandakanywa izinto zokupakisha i-lidar, i-carbon ceramic brakes, i-MLCC ephezulu, izixhobo ze-ceramic thermal conductive, njl.

 

Ukwenziwa kweesemiconductors

Umthetho wemizi-mveliso "wesizukulwana esinye sobuchwephesha, isizukulwana esinye senkqubo, isizukulwana esinye sezixhobo" ulawula ishishini le-semiconductor, kwaye ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yecandelo elichanekileyo kubalulekile ekuphuculeni nasekuphindaphindeni izixhobo ze-semiconductor. Amacandelo e-ceramic achanekileyo zezona zixhobo zokumela iindawo ezichanekileyo ze-semiconductor phakathi kwazo. Zisetyenziswa kwinani leenkqubo eziphambili zokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor, kubandakanywa i-etching, i-chemical vapour deposition, ukufakwa komphunga womzimba, kunye nokufakelwa kwe-ion. njengeengalo zokuphatha ngoomatshini, ii-electrostatic chucks, iilitha, iireyile ezikhokelayo, kunye neebheringi, phakathi kwezinye. Yenza iindima zokuzinzisa, ukukhusela, kunye nokuphazamiseka, ngakumbi ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza.

 

Ukuveliswa kwee-semiconductors Ishishini le-semiconductor lilawulwa ngumthetho wemizi-mveliso "yesizukulwana esinye sobuchwepheshe, isizukulwana esinye senkqubo, isizukulwana esinye sezixhobo," kunye nophuculo lwecandelo letekhnoloji elichanekileyo liyimfuneko ekuphuculweni kunye nokuphindaphinda koomatshini be-semiconductor. Kuzo zonke izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuchaneka kwe-semiconductor, iindawo ze-ceramic ezichanekileyo zezona zimele kakhulu. Baqeshwe kwi-etching, i-chemical vapor deposition, ukufakwa komphunga womzimba, kunye nokufakelwa kwe-ion, phakathi kwezinye iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor. ezifana neebheringi, iilitha, iileyili ezikhokelayo, iichucks ze-electrostatic, kunye neengalo zokuphatha ngoomatshini, ukukhankanya ezimbalwa. Isebenza njenge-diversion, ukukhusela, kunye nokuzinzisa, ngakumbi ngaphakathi kwendawo yesixhobo.

 

 

Ukonga umbane kunye noshishino lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo

Phantsi kwesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe "wekhabhoni ezimbini", onke amashishini aphuhliswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwicala lokonga amandla, ukunciphisa icarbon, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngaphantsi kwale mvelaphi, ishishini le-ceramic lijongene nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye noxinzelelo lokukhusela okusingqongileyo, kodwa lizisa namathuba amatsha ophuhliso kwizinto ze-ceramic.

 

 

01 inwebu yeCeramic

Ukuze kuthathelwe indawo itekhnoloji yokwahlula i-filtration eqhelekileyo, iteknoloji yokwahlula i-membrane kunye ne-membrane ye-ceramic kumbindi wayo ngoku isetyenziswa ngokuyintloko njengenkqubo yokwahlula okuphezulu kwishishini lenkqubo kunye nemimandla ekhethekileyo yonyango lwamanzi yokwahlula ukuhluza, ukugxininiswa kunye nokuhlanjululwa, kunye nokuhlanjululwa kunye nokususwa kokungcola.

I-Ceramic flat inwebu

Phakathi kwazo, ulwelo kwiisethingi eziyinkimbinkimbi zinokuhluzwa, zohlulwe, kwaye zihlanjululwe kusetyenziswa ii-membrane ze-ceramic ezisezantsi. Ukushisa okuphezulu kunye nokuchasana noxinzelelo, ukuzinza okuqinileyo kweekhemikhali, ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca, ukuthembeka okulungileyo, iindleko eziphantsi zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko, ubomi benkonzo eyandisiweyo, kunye nobuhlobo bendalo kumjikelezo wobomi zizinye zeempawu zabo. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwaye yakhuthazwa kwiindawo zogutyulo lukamasipala, ukucocwa kwamanzi asasaziweyo, ukucocwa kwamanzi amnyama nanukayo, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe amanzi, kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwipaki yemizi-mveliso. Lolona khokelo lophuhliso luphambili kwinkalo yeemembrane zokwahlula i-ceramic ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye inoluhlu olubanzi lwamathemba emarike.

Kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi, ulawulo longcoliseko lomoya kwisizwe sam nalo luselundini. Inkqubo ye-nano-denitrification ye-nano-denitrification ehambelana nokusingqongileyo ilayishwe kwi-ceramic fibre composite membrane material njengomzimba oxhasayo ukwenza i-high-temperature fiber membrane ye-denitrification kunye nokususwa kothuli, i-filter element ene-denitrification edibeneyo kunye nemisebenzi yokususa uthuli enokuthi ifezekise ukucocwa ngokuthe ngqo kwegesi phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa.

 

 

02 Airgel

Uphuhliso olunabileyo oluluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi ye-aerogel, imathiriyeli yokugquma kakhulu, yenze ukuba kude kube ngoku kungakhange kuviwe amandla okukhula kwecandelo le-airgel. Itekhnoloji entsha ye-airgel kulindeleke ukuba idityaniswe nokukhula kokwenziwa kohlaza ukwenza usetyenziso lwemveliso entsha ngokuhambelana nentsingiselo yamashishini ohlaza aphuhla ngokukhawuleza.

 

I-Airgel inoxinano oluphantsi kakhulu, i-ultra-high porosity, i-low refractive index, i-thermal conductivity ephantsi, i-acoustic impedance ephantsi kunye nezinye iimpawu ezingenazo izixhobo eziqinileyo. Ezi mpawu ziyenza ibe nethemba elikhulu lesicelo kwiinkalo ze-thermal insulation, biomedicine, insulation sound, adsorption, njl.

 

 

Ishishini le-biomedicine

Kuya kusetyenziswa ngakumbi nangakumbi ukufakelwa kwezinto ezenziweyo kunye namalungu okwenziwa kwiindawo zonyango njengoko uluntu lukhula kwaye ubomi babantu bubangcono. Kwisizwe sam, izinyithi ezifana nentsimbi engenasici kunye ne-cobalt alloys kudala zisetyenziselwa ukuphiliswa kwamathambo kunye nokulungiswa ngenxa yeempawu zabo eziphezulu zoomatshini kunye nokulawula; nangona kunjalo, i-biocompatibility yabo ayikho. Ngenxa yoko, intengiso kunye nophando lwezixhobo zokugquma okanye ii-bioceramics ezisempilweni kwaye ezihambelanayo ziyanda ngokukhawuleza.

Ngenxa yokuqina kokwaphuka okungaqhelekanga kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, iiseramikhi zebhayomedical ezifana ne-Al2O3, ZrO2, ZTA, Si3N4, kunye nezixhobo ezihlanganisiweyo zeceramic zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiiprostheses ezithwele umthwalo wotyando, ukufakelwa kwamazinyo, indawo yamathambo, njl. njl. I-Zirconium oxide isetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-ceramics, kodwa amandla ayo okubuyisela amazinyo ngenxa yobuhle beglasi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweglasi. Phakathi kwezi, i-silicon nitride idibanisa i-bactericidal effect kunye ne-self-lubricating properties, kwaye ukufakwa kwayo kunozinzo lwexesha elide oluzinzileyo lwe-biological.

Ngo-2022, ubungakanani bemakethi yehlabathi jikelele yezixhobo zonyango zeceramic kulindeleke ukuba bube malunga ne-15 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Ngo-2022, imakethi yezixhobo zonyango zeceramic e-China kulindeleke ukuba ixabise malunga ne-4.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika. Kuzo, i-alumina ceramics yenza uninzi (malunga ne-60%). Iiseramics ze-silicon nitride zisetyenziselwa ukufakelwa kwe-orthopedic, ngelixa i-zirconia ceramics isetyenziswa ikakhulu kunyango lwamazinyo.

 

 

Icandelo le-aerospace

I-Ceramics ihlala ibalasele ngomsebenzi wayo obalaseleyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Imizi-mveliso yomkhosi kunye ne-aerospace zimbini zezona ntengiso zithandwa kakhulu kwi-ceramics eziphambili. "Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu" kunye "nobuchwephesha" yimizila emibini yophuhliso lweceramic kwishishini le-aerospace.

 

Isizukulwana esitsha seenjini zomkhosi wenqwelomoya sinesidingo esandayo sezinto ezintsha ezixhathisayo kubushushu obuphezulu njengoko amandla ekristale enye, i-thermal barrier coatings, kunye nokupholisa komoya okusebenzayo kuncipha kancinci kancinci. I-SiC / i-SiC-CMC iye yavela njengenye yeendlela eziphezulu zokukhetha ubushushu obuphezulu bezinto zokwakha. I-SiC / SiC-CMC yomelezwa kwaye iqiniswe inxalenye enkulu nge-silicon carbide fiber. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekrwada ye-SiC/SiC-CMC yi-silicon carbide fiber, enokumelana nobushushu obungaphezulu kwe-1200 ° C kwaye itsale ingqwalaselo yamandla okubhabha kukhuphiswano lophando.

 

 

Ngokwesiqhelo siquka indawo efunxayo (efunxayo) kunye nemathiriyeli ye-matrix (ngamanye amaxesha eyaziwa ngokuba sisibophelelo), imathiriyeli efunxayo zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezifihlakeleyo. I-Silicon carbide sesona sithako siphambili esisetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ze-ceramic ezifunxa ezininzi; i-inorganic ceramic nanoparticles kunye ne-inorganic polymer imathiriyeli idibanisa ukwenza izinto ze-ceramic infrared stealth, uhlobo lokwaleka. Ukuze kuveliswe i-broadband electromagnetic wave absorption esebenzayo, i-inorganic ceramic nanoparticles zisasazwe ngokufanayo kwi-inorganic polymer matrix kwaye zilawulwa ngononophelo.