Itheyibhile entsha yokuthelekisa yamaBanga eStainless Steel
Insimbi engenasici isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lemveliso yehlabathi, kodwa ngenxa yemigangatho eyahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokuthiya amagama ensimbi engenasici kumazwe ahlukeneyo nakwimimandla, kuhlala kukho imiqobo ekuqondeni nasekunxibelelaneni. Ukuze uncede amashishini kunye nabathengi bachonge ngcono kwaye bakhethe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, iJIEHUANG iqulunqe itheyibhile yokuthelekisa yamazwe ngamazwe ethe kratya yamanqanaba entsimbi engenastainless. Le theyibhile ithelekisa imigangatho ephambili yamazwe ngamazwe (efana ne-GB yaseChina, i-ASTM yase-United States, umgangatho we-EN waseYurophu kunye nomgangatho we-JIS waseJapan) ukubhekisela ngokukhawuleza xa ukhetha nokuthenga izinto zensimbi ezingenasici. Oku akunako nje ukuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kokuthengwa kwe-cross-border, kodwa kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuhambelana kokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo.
| Itheyibhile entsha yokuthelekisa yamaBanga eStainless Steel | ||||||||||||
| Inani | Uhlobo | eTshayina | Rhashiya | Jemani | Fransi | Japhan | inyamakazi | British | Umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe | Swiden | ||
| (GB) | (TOCT) | (DIN) | (NF) | (KWAYE) | ASTM/AISI | US | SAE | (BS) | (ISO) | (SS14) | ||
| 1 | Austenitic steel stainless | 1Cr17Mn6Ni5N | 12X17T9AH4 | - | - | SUS201 | 201 | S20100 | 30201 | - | A-2 | - |
| 2 | 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N | 12X17T9AH4 | X8CrMnNi189 | Z15CNM19.08 | SUS202 | 202 | S20200 | 30202 | 284S16 | A-3 | 2357 | |
| 3 | 1Cr18Mn10Ni5Mo3N | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 4 | 2Cr13Mn9Ni4 | 20X13H4T9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 5 | 1Cr17Ni7 | 09X17H7U | X12CrNi17.7 | Z12CN17.07 | SUS301 | 301 | S30100 | 30301 | 301S21 | 14 | - | |
| 6 | 1Cr17Ni8 | - | X12CrNi17.7 | - | SUS301J1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 7 | 1Cr18Ni9 | 12X18H9 | X12CrNi18.8 | Z10CN18.09 | SUS302 | 302 | S30200 | 30302 | 302S25 | 12 | 2331 | |
| 8 | Y1Cr18Ni9 | - | X12CrNiS18.8 | Z10CNF18.09 | SUS303 | 303 | S30300 | 30303 | 303S21 | 17 | 2346 | |
| 9 | Y1Cr18Ni9Se | 12X18H10E | - | - | SUS303Se | 303Se | S30323 | 30303Se | 303S41 | 17 | - | |
| 10 | 1Cr18Ni9Si3 | - | X12CrNiSi18.8 | - | SUS302B | 302B | S30215 | 30302B | - | - | - | |
| 11 | 0Cr18Ni9 | 08X18H10 | X5CrNi18.9 | Z6CN18.09 | SUS304 | 304 | S30400 | 30304 | 304S15 | 11 | 2332 | |
| 2333 | ||||||||||||
| 12 | 00Cr18Ni10 | 03X18H11 | X2CrNi18.9 | Z2CN18.09 | SUS304L | 304L | S30403 | 30304L | 304S12 | 10 | - | |
| 13 | 0Cr19Ni9N | - | - | - | I-SUS404N1 | 304N | S30451 | - | - | - | - | |
| 14 | 0Cr19Ni10NbN | - | X5CrNiNb18.9 | - | I-SUS304N2 | XM21 | S30452 | - | - | - | - | |
| 15 | 00Cr18Ni10N | - | X2CrNiN18.10 | Z2CN18.10 | I-SUS304LN | 304LN | S30453 | - | 304S62 | - | 2371 | |
| (I) | ||||||||||||
| 16 | 1Cr18Ni12 | 12X18H12T | X5CrNi19.11 | I-Z8CN18.12 | SUS305 | 305 | S30500 | 30305 | 305S19 | 13 | - | |
| 17 | 0Cr18Ni12 | 8X18H12T, 06X18H11 | X5CrNi19.11 | I-Z8CN18.12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 18 | 0Cr23Ni13 | - | X7CrNi23.14 | - | SUS309S | 309S | S30908 | 30309S | - | - | - | |
| 19 | 0Cr25Ni20 | - | - | - | SUS310S | 310S | S31008 | 30310S | - | - | 2361 | |
| 20 | 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 | 08X17H13M2T | X5CrNiMo18.10 | Z6CND17.12 | SUS316 | 316 | S31600 | 30316 | 316S16 | 20,20a | 2347 | |
| 21 | 1Cr17Ni12Mo2 | 10X17H13M2T | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 22 | 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti | 08X17H13M2T | X10CrNiMoTi18.10 | Z6CNDT17.12 | - | - | - | - | 320S31 | - | 2343 | |
| 320S17 | -2350 | |||||||||||
| 23 | 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti | 10X17H13M2T | X10CrNiMoTi18.10 | Z8CNDT17.12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2350 | |
| 24 | 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 | 03X17H14M2 | X2CrNiMo18.10 | Z2CND17.12 | SUS316L | 316L | S31603 | 30316L | 316S12 | 19,19a | 2353 | |
| 25 | 0Cr17Ni12Mo2N | - | - | - | SUS316N | 316N | S31651 | - | - | - | - | |
| 26 | 00Cr17Ni13Mo2N | - | X2CrNiMoN18.12 | Z2CND17.12 | I-SUS316LN | 316LN | S31653 | - | 316S61 | - | 2375 | |
| (THE) | ||||||||||||
| 27 | 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Cu2 | - | - | - | SUS316J1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 28 | 00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2 | - | - | - | SUS316J11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 29 | 0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti | 08X17H15M3T | - | Z6CNDT17.13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 30 | 1Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti | 10X17H13M3T | X10CrNiMoTi18.12 | Z8CNDT17.13B | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 31 | 0Cr19Ni13Mo3 | 08X17H15M3T | X5CrNiMo17.13 | - | SUS317 | 317 | S31700 | 30317 | 317S16 | 25 | - | |
| 32 | 00Cr19Ni13Mo3 | 03X16H15M3 | X2CrNiMo18.16 | Z2CND19.15 | SUS317L | 317L | S31703 | - | 317S12 | 24 | 2367 | |
| 33 | 0Cr18Ni16Mo5 | - | - | - | SUS317J1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 34 | 1Cr18Ni9Ti | 12X18H9T | X12CrNiTi18.9 | Z10CNT18.10 | SUS321 | 321 | S32100 | 30321 | 321S20 | - | 2337 | |
| 35 | 0Cr18Ni10Ti | 08X18H10T | X10CrNiTi18.9 | Z6CNT18.11 | SUS321 | 321 | S32100 | 30321 | 321S12 | 15 | - | |
| 36 | 1Cr18Ni11Ti | 12X18H10T | - | - | - | - | - | - | 321S20 | - | - | |
| 37 | 0Cr18Ni11Nb | 08X18H12B | X10CrNiNb18.9 | Z6CNNb18.10 | SUS347 | 347 | S34700 | 30347 | 347S17 | 16 | 2338 | |
| 38 | 1Cr18Ni11Nb | 12X18H12B | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 39 | 0Cr18Ni9Cu3 | - | - | I-Z6CNU18.10 | I-SUXM7 | XM7 | S30430 | - | - | D32 | - | |
| 40 | 0Cr18Ni13Si4 | - | - | - | I-SUXM15J1 | XM15 | S38100 | - | - | - | - | |
| 41 | I-Austenitic ∣ Intsimbi yeFerritic | 0Cr26Ni5Mo2 | 08X21H6M2T | X8CrNiMo275 | - | SUS329J1 | 329 | S32900 | - | - | - | 2324 |
| 42 | 1Cr18Ni11Si4AlTi | 15X18H12C4TЮ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 43 | 1Cr21Ni5Ti | 12X21H5T | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 44 | 00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 45 | 00Cr24Ni6Mo3N | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 46 | Intsimbi yentsimbi yeFerritic | 0Cr13A1 | 1X12CYU | X7CrAl13 | I-Z6CA13 | SUS405 | 405 | S40500 | 51405 | 405S17 | 2 | 2302 |
| 47 | 00Cr12 | - | - | - | SUS410L | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 48 | 1Kr15 | - | - | - | SUS429 | 429 | S42900 | 51429 | - | - | - | |
| 49 | 00Cr17 | - | - | - | I-SUS430LX | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 50 | 1Kr17 | 12x7 | X8Cr17 | Z8C17 | SUS430 | 430 | S43000 | 51430 | 430S15 | 8 | 2320 | |
| 51 | Y1Cr17 | - | X12CrMoS17 | Z10CF17 | SUS430F | 430F | S43020 | 51430F | - | 8a | 2383 | |
| 52 | 1Cr17Mo | - | X6CrMo17 | Z8CD17.01 | SUS434 | 434 | S43400 | 51434 | 434S17 | 9c | 2325 | |
| 53 | 00Cr17Mo | - | - | - | SUS436L | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 54 | 00Cr18Mo2 | - | - | - | SUS444 | 18Cr2Mo | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 55 | 1Kr25Ti | 15X25T | X8Cr28 | - | - | 446 | S44600 | 51446 | - | - | 2322 | |
| 56 | 00Cr27Mo | - | - | Z01CD26.1 | I-SUXM27 | XM27 | S44625 | - | - | - | - | |
| 57 | 00Cr30Mo2 | - | - | - | SUS447J1 | - | S44700 | - | - | - | - | |
| 58 | Martensite steel stainless | 1Kr12 | - | - | - | SUS403 | 403 | S40300 | 51403 | 403S17 | - | 2301 |
| 59 | 0Cr13 | 08X13 | X7Cr13,X7Cr14 | I-Z6C13 | SUS410S | 410S | S41008 | - | 430S17 | 1 | - | |
| 60 | 1Kr13 | 12X13 | X10Cr13 | Z12C13 | SUS410 | 410 | S41000 | 51410 | 410S21 | 3 | 2302 | |
| 61 | 1Cr13Mo | - | X15CrMo13 | - | SUS410J1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 62 | Y1Cr13 | - | X12CrS13 | Z12CF13 | SUS416 | 416 | S41600 | 51416 | 416S21 | 7 | 2380 | |
| 63 | 2Kr13 | 20X13 | X20Cr13 | Z20C13 | SUS420J1 | 420 | S42000 | 51420 | 420S37 | 4 | ||
RFQ:
1. Yintoni ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion yeentsimbi ezahlukeneyo ezingenasici?
I-304 yinto eqhelekileyo-injongo yensimbi engenasici esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza izixhobo kunye neengxenye ezifuna ukusebenza kakuhle okubanzi (ukumelana nokubola kunye nokubumba). I-301 yensimbi engenasici ibonisa umsebenzi ocacileyo wokuba lukhuni xa ukhubazekile kwaye isetyenziswe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezifuna amandla aphezulu.
I-302 yensimbi engenastainless luhlobo lwentsimbi engama-304 enesiqulatho sekhabhoni ephezulu, enokwenziwa ukuba ibe namandla aphezulu ngokuqengqeleka okubandayo.
I-302B yintsimbi engatyiwayo enomxholo ophezulu wesilicon kwaye inokumelana okuphezulu ne-oxidation yobushushu obuphezulu. I-303 kunye ne-303Se ziyi-free-cut-stainless steels eziqukethe isulfure kunye ne-selenium ngokulandelanayo, ezisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezifuna ubukhulu becala ukunqunyulwa kwamahhala kunye nokugqitywa kwendawo ephezulu. I-303Se insimbi engenasici isetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye ezifuna ukutshatyalaliswa okushushu ngenxa yokuba phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, le nsimbi engenasici inokusebenza kakuhle okushushu.
I-304L inguqu ye-304 yensimbi engenasici enomxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni kwaye isetyenziswe kwiimeko ezifuna i-welding. Umxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi unciphisa imvula ye-carbides kwindawo echaphazelekayo ukushisa kufuphi ne-weld, kwaye imvula ye-carbides ingabangela i-intergranular corrosion (i-weld erosion) yensimbi engenasici kwiindawo ezithile.
I-304N i-nitrogen-equkethe insimbi engenasici, kwaye i-nitrogen yongezwa ukwandisa amandla ensimbi.
I-305 kunye ne-384 i-stainless steels iqulethe umxholo ophezulu we-nickel kwaye inezinga eliphantsi lokuqina komsebenzi, okwenza ukuba zilungele iimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zokubumba okubandayo.
I-308 insimbi engenasici isetyenziselwa ukwenza iintonga ze-welding.
I-309, 310, 314 kunye ne-330 iintsimbi ezingenasici zonke zine-nickel ephezulu kunye neziqulatho ze-chromium ukuze kuphuculwe ukuxhathisa i-oxidation kunye namandla okurhubuluza kwentsimbi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. I-30S5 kunye ne-310S zizinto ezahlukeneyo ze-309 kunye ne-310 zensimbi ezingenasici, umahluko kuphela kukuba zinomxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni ukwenzela ukunciphisa imvula yeekhabhide kufuphi ne-weld. I-330 yensimbi engenasici inokumelana kakhulu ne-carburization kunye nomothuko we-thermal.
I-316 kunye ne-317 i-stainless steels iqulethe i-aluminium, ngoko ke ukuxhathisa i-corrosion ye-pitting kwiindawo zaselwandle kunye neekhemikhali zoshishino zingcono kakhulu kune-304 yensimbi engenasici. Phakathi kwabo, i-316 insimbi engenasici inezintlu ezibandakanya i-316L ye-carbon-stainless steel stainless steel, i-stainless steel stainless 316N ephezulu equkethe i-nitrogen, kunye ne-316F yensimbi engenasici kunye ne-sulfure ephezulu.
I-321, i-347 kunye ne-348 ziyi-stainless steels ezizinzile nge-titanium, i-niobium, i-tantalum kunye ne-niobium ngokulandelanayo, ifanelekile kumacandelo e-welding asetyenziswa kumaqondo aphezulu okushisa. I-348 yintsimbi engenasici efanelekileyo kwishishini lamandla enyukliya, kwaye inezithintelo ezithile kwisixa se-tantalum kunye ne-cobalt.
2. Kutheni intsimbi engatyiwayo ikwayimagnethi?
Impendulo: Abantu bahlala becinga ukuba iimagnethi zinokutsala intsimbi engatyiwayo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wayo kunye nobunyani bayo. Ukuba ayikhangeli i-magnetism, ithathwa njengento enhle kwaye iyinyani; ukuba itsala umazibuthe, ithathwa njengenkohliso. Enyanisweni, le yindlela yokuchonga ecalanye kakhulu, ayinakwenzeka kwaye ayichanekanga.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zensimbi engenasici, ezinokuthi zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezininzi ngokwesakhiwo sombutho kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi:
1. Austenite: ezifana 304, 321, 316, 310, njl.;
2. Martensite okanye ferrite: ezifana 430, 420, 410, njl.;
I-Austenite ayiyo-magnetic okanye i-magnetic ebuthathaka, ngelixa i-martensite okanye i-ferrite iyimagnetic.
Uninzi lwentsimbi engenastainless esetyenziselwa ukuhombisa amaphepha etyhubhu yiaustenitic 304 imathiriyeli, engeyiyo imagneti okanye imagnethi engenamandla. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kokwakheka kweekhemikhali okanye iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa okubangelwa kukunyibilikiswa, imagnethi inokuthi yenzeke, kodwa oku akunakuthathwa njengento ekhohlisayo okanye engafanelekanga. Siyintoni isizathu?
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, i-austenite ayinamagnetic okanye i-magnetic ebuthathaka, ngelixa i-martensite okanye i-ferrite imagnetic. Ngenxa yokwahlulwa kwecandelo okanye unyango olungafanelekanga lokushisa ngexesha lokunyibilika, inani elincinci le-martensite okanye isakhiwo se-ferrite liya kubangelwa kwi-austenitic 304 yensimbi engenasici. Ngale ndlela, i-304 insimbi engenasici iya kuba ne-magnetism ebuthathaka.
Ukongezelela, emva kokusebenza okubandayo, isakhiwo sentlangano ye-304 yensimbi engenasici iya kuguqulwa ibe yi-martensite. Okukhona ukuguqulwa kokusebenza okubandayo, ukuguqulwa kwe-martensite ngakumbi, kunye ne-magnetism enkulu yentsimbi. Ngokomzekelo, i-batch yentsimbi yentsimbi, xa ivelisa i-Φ76 iityhubhu, akukho nto ibonakalayo yamagnetic induction, kwaye xa ivelisa i-Φ9.5 iityhubhu. Ukungeniswa kozibuthe kubonakala ngakumbi ngenxa yokugoba okukhulu okubandayo. I-deformation ye-square kunye ne-rectangular tubes inkulu kuneetyhubhu ezijikelezayo, ngokukodwa iikona, kwaye i-deformation inamandla ngakumbi kwaye i-magnetism ibonakala ngakumbi.
Ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo imagnethi ye-304 yentsimbi ebangelwa zezi zizathu zingasentla, unyango oluphezulu lobushushu obuqinileyo lunokusetyenziswa ukubuyisela isakhiwo esizinzileyo se-austenite, ngaloo ndlela kuphelisa imagnethi.
Kufuneka kucaciswe ngokukodwa ukuba i-magnetism ye-304 yensimbi engenasici ebangelwa ezi zizathu zingasentla yahluke ngokupheleleyo kwi-magnetism yezinye izinto ezifana ne-430 kunye ne-carbon steel, oko kukuthi, i-magnetism ye-304 yensimbi ihlala ibonisa i-magnetism ebuthathaka.
Oku kusixelela ukuba ukuba insimbi engenastainless inemagnethi ebuthathaka okanye akukho magnetism konke konke, kufuneka igwetywe njenge 3-4 okanye 316 impahla; ukuba iyafana ne-magnetism ye-carbon steel, ibonisa i-magnetism eqinile, ngoko igwetywa ukuba ingabi yi-304 yezinto eziphathekayo.
Sicebisa ukuba xa uthenga iimveliso zensimbi engenasici, kufuneka ukhethe iimveliso ezivela kubavelisi abathembekileyo, unganyoluleli ixabiso eliphantsi, kwaye ulumkele ukukhohliswa.