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Umahluko phakathi kwensimbi engenasici 316 kunye ne-316L

2024-11-06

Intshayelelo

Yintoni intsimbi engatyiwayo? Intsimbi ye-alloy equlethe ngaphezu kwe-12% yechromium okanye ngaphezulu kwe-8% ye-nickel ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engenasici.

Olu hlobo lwentsimbi lunokumelana ne-corrosion ethile kwi-atmosfera okanye imidiya edlayo kwaye inamandla aphezulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (>450℃). Intsimbi enomxholo wechromium we-16% ukuya kwi-18% ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi enganyangekiyo kwi-asidi okanye intsimbi enganyangekiyo kwaye idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engenasici. Xa umxholo we-chromium kwintsimbi ungaphezulu kwe-12%, umaleko wefilimu ye-chromium-rich passivation film ukhawuleza wenze phezu komhlaba ngenxa yesenzo se-electrochemical ekudibaneni ne-oxidizing media ukukhusela ingaphakathi lesinyithi kwi-corrosion; kodwa kwimithombo yeendaba ezonakalisayo, kusenzima ukwenza ifilim eqinileyo. Ukuphucula ukuxhatshazwa kwentsimbi, umlinganiselo we-chromium udla ngokunyuka, okanye izinto ze-alloy ezinokukhuthaza i-passivation zongezwa, ezifana ne-Ni, Mo, Mn, Cu, Nb, Ti, W, Co, njl.

Ezi zinto aziphuculi kuphela ukunyanzeliswa kwe-corrosion yensimbi kodwa ziphinde zitshintshe umbutho wangaphakathi kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo kunye nezomatshini zetsimbi. Imixholo eyahlukeneyo yale miba ye-alloy kwintsimbi ineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kwiipropati zensimbi engenasici.

Ezinye zimagnetic, ezinye azinamagnetic, ezinye zinokunyangwa ngobushushu, kwaye ezinye azinakunyangwa bubushushu. Ngenxa yeempawu ezingasentla zensimbi engenasici, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-aviation, i-aerospace, imichiza, i-petroleum, ukwakhiwa, ukutya kunye namanye amacandelo oshishino kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Izinto ze-alloy eziqulethwe kuyo zinempembelelo enkulu kwi-machinability, kwaye ezinye zinzima ukusika.

Ukunceda abafundi baqonde ngcono kwaye bakhethe imathiriyeli ebasebenzelayo, eli nqaku liza kungena kwiinkcukacha ezinkulu kumahluko phakathi kwe-316 kunye ne-316L yensimbi engenasici. I-316 yintsimbi ephantsi yekhabhoni engenastainless kunye nebanga lasekhaya 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, ngelixa i-316L yintsimbi ye-ultra-low-carbon stainless steel kunye nebanga lasekhaya 00Cr17Ni14Mo2. Kuyacaca ukuba ngelixa i-316L ixhathisa ngakumbi kwi-corrosion, i-316 ineempawu eziphezulu zoomatshini.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-316 kunye ne-316L yensimbi engenasici ilandelayo:

Iintsimbi ze-stainless 316 kunye ne-316L zezo ziqulethe i-molybdenum. I-316L yensimbi engenasici iqulethe i-molybdenum encinci kune-316 yensimbi engenasici. Xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi ze-stainless 310 kunye ne-304, le ntsimbi yenza ngcono ngokubanzi ngenxa ye-molybdenum equkethe. Xa umxholo we-asidi ye-sulfuric uphakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-85% kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, i-316 insimbi engenasici ingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Iindawo zaselwandle zihlala zisebenzisa i-316 yensimbi engenasici ngenxa yokuxhathisa okunamandla kwi-chlorine corrosion.

Xa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ephezulu kunye ne-annealing emva kwe-welding kufuneka, i-316L yensimbi engenasici, enomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni we-0.03 ekhulwini, ingasetyenziswa.

316 VS 316L Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali (iqhezu lobunzima,%)

Uhlobo	Mnu maX	P maX	C maX	Kwaye maX	maX	Cr	Kwi	Kuba	enye
316	0.08	2	0.045	0.03	1	16-18	10-14	2-3	-
316L	0.03	2	0.045	0.03	1	16-18	10-14	2-3	-

Ukuchasa umhlwa:

Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-pulp kunye nephepha, inokumelana nokugqwala okulungileyo, ukugqwesa i-304 yensimbi engenasici. Ngaphaya koko, i-corrosion esuka kwi-corrosion ye-indumendu yemizi-mveliso kunye nemo engqongileyo yaselwandle ayinakukhukulisa i-316 insimbi engenasici.

Ukumelana nobushushu:

I-316 insimbi engenasici ixhathisa i-oxidation kakuhle xa isetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphantsi kwe-1700 degrees kunye ne-intermittently ngezantsi kwe-1600 degrees. I-316 insimbi engenasici inokumelana nokushisa okulungileyo xa isetyenziswa rhoqo ngaphandle kweqondo lokushisa kwe-800-1575 degree, nangona kulungele ukungayisebenzisi kolu luhlu imini yonke. Uluhlu oluphezulu lweqondo lokushisa lufanelekile kwi-316L yensimbi engenasici, echasene ne-carbide precipitation kune-316 insimbi engenasici.

Unyango lobushushu:

I-Anneal phakathi kwe-1850 kunye ne-2050 degrees, emva koko i-anneal ngokukhawuleza phambi kokupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Ukushisa okugqithisileyo akusayi kwenza lukhuni i-316 yentsimbi engenasici.

Ukuwelda:

I-316 insimbi engenasici isebenza kakuhle xa kuziwa kwi-welding. Zonke iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuwelda zingasetyenziselwa ukuyidibanisa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo, i-electrodes yensimbi engenasici okanye i-filler rods eyenziwe nge-316Cb, 316L, okanye i-309Cb ingasetyenziselwa i-welding. Emva kwe-welding, icandelo le-316 yensimbi engenasici kufuneka ihlanjululwe ukuze ifumane inqanaba eliphezulu lokumelana nokubola. I-post-weld annealing ayiyimfuneko xa usebenzisa i-316L yensimbi engenasici.

Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo:

Ikhowudi yensimbi engenasici

Ukwakheka kwemichiza (iqhezu lobunzima)/%

Umsebenzi wokunqanda ukubola

Imisebenzi yomzimba kunye neekhemikhali

uphawu

Ushishino lwezicelo

SUS316

06Cr17Ni12Mo2

C≤0.08;

Si≤0.75;

Mn≤2.00;

P≤0.040;

S≤0.030;

Nge: 10.00-14.00;

Cr: 16.00-18.00;

Ixesha: 2.00-3.00

Inokumelana ne-corrosion ebalaseleyo kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kwaye inokusetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.

Inokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, iplastiki, ukuqina, amandla aphezulu obushushu, ukuguqulwa okubandayo kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-welding.

Ukuxhathisa okuqinileyo kwe-corrosion, ukomelela okuphezulu kobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-welding.

Isetyenziselwa amanzi okusela, amanzi okusela, amanzi abandayo, amanzi ashushu, igesi, igesi yonyango, izixhobo zamanzi olwandle, imichiza, ifutha, ukwenza iphepha, i-oxalic acid, izixhobo zesichumiso, ukufota, ishishini lokutya, izibonelelo zonxweme.

SUS316L

022Cr17Ni12Mo2

C≤0.030;

Si≤0.75;

Mn≤2.00;

P≤0.040;

S≤0.030;

Nge: 10.00-14.00;

Cr: 16.00-18.00;

Ixesha: 2.00-3.00

Ukumelana nomhlwa kungcono kune-316, kodwa amandla okushisa aphezulu abi kakhulu, ngoko anokusetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.

Inokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, amandla, iplastiki, ukuqina, ukumila okubandayo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kobushushu obuphantsi.

Ukumelana nomhlwa kubhetele kune-SUS316, kodwa amandla obushushu aphezulu abi kancinci.

316 kunye 316L Stainless Steel vs. 304

Intsimbi eqhelekileyo engenastainless esetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo kunye neenxalenye ezifuna ukuba neempawu ezilungileyo ngokubanzi (ezifana nokumelana nokubola kunye nokubumba) yi-304.

Ngokumalunga nokuxhathisa ukubola kweekhemikhali, i-304 kunye ne-316 yensimbi engenasici ayifane ihluke enye kwenye, nangona kukho ukuhluka okuthe ngqo kwimidiya.

Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile, i-304, isinyithi sokuqala esingenasici esakhiweyo, sithinteka kwi-corrosion. Enye i-2-3% yokongeza i-molybdenum inokunciphisa obu buntununtunu, okukhokelela ku-316.

Kwishishini lokutya kunye nesiselo, i-316 yensimbi engenasici iyinto eqhelekileyo. I-316 insimbi engenasici inexabiso elingaphezulu kune-304 insimbi engenasici ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-molybdenum yehlabathi kunye nokunyuka kwe-nickel umxholo we-316 yensimbi engenasici.

Ngenxa yokungabikho kweoksijini kunye nokungakwazi ukuvelisa umaleko okhuselayo wechromium oxide, i-pitting corrosion ibangelwa ubukhulu becala yi-deposition corrosion phezu kwentsimbi engenasici.

I-Pitting Corrosion inqabile, ngakumbi kwiivalvu ezincinci, kuba mancinci amathuba okufaka kwipleyiti yevalvu.

I-304 kunye ne-316 insimbi engenasici iphantse ilingane nokumelana nomhlwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithombo yamanzi (amanzi okusela, amanzi adibeneyo, amanzi omlambo, amanzi ebhoyila, amanzi olwandle, njl.); nangona kunjalo, i-316 insimbi engenasici ifaneleka ngcono ukuba i-medium iqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu e-chloride ion.

Nangona i-corrosion resistance ye-304 kunye ne-316 yensimbi engenasici ihlala ingahlukanga kakhulu, kusenokubakho utshintsho olubalulekileyo olufuna uphando oluninzi. Kuba beza kukhetha umbhobho kunye nemathiriyeli yesikhongozeli esekwe kumbindi, abasebenzisi bevalvu kufuneka ngokubanzi babe nombono ocacileyo. Asicebisi abasebenzisi kuyo nayiphi na imathiriyeli.

Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali (304,304L,316,316L)

Uhlobo	Mnu maX	P maX	C maX	Kwaye maX	maX	Cr	Kwi	Kuba	enye
304	0.08	2	0.045	0.03	1	18-20	8-12		-
304L	0.03	2	0.045	0.03	1	18-20	8-12		-
316	0.08	2	0.045	0.03	1	16-18	10-14	2-3	-
316L	0.03	2	0.045	0.03	1	16-18	10-14	2-3	-

Iipropati zoomatshini (304,304L,316,316L)

Uhlobo	UTS N/mm ²	Yima kancinci N/mm ²	Elongation %	Ukuqina (HRB)	Inombolo yeDIN enokuthelekiswa
Uhlobo	UTS N/mm ²	Yima kancinci N/mm ²	Elongation %	Ukuqina (HRB)	yenziwe	phosa
304	600	210	60	80	1.4301	1.4308
304L	530	200	50	70	1.4306	1.4552
316	560	210	60	78	1.4401	1.4408
316L	530	200	50	75	1.4406	1.4581

Intshayelelo kwezinye iintsimbi ezingenasici

I-304 yinto eqhelekileyo-injongo yensimbi engenasici esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza izixhobo kunye neengxenye ezifuna iimpawu ezilungileyo ezibanzi (ukumelana nokubola kunye nokubumba).

I-301 yensimbi engenasici ibonisa umsebenzi ocacileyo wokuba lukhuni xa ikhubazekile kwaye isetyenziswe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezifuna amandla aphezulu.

I-302 yensimbi engenastainless luhlobo lwentsimbi engama-304 enesiqulatho sekhabhoni ephezulu, enokwenziwa ukuba ibe namandla aphezulu ngokuqengqeleka okubandayo.

I-302B yintsimbi engenasici enomxholo ophezulu we-silicon, enokumelana okuphezulu ne-oxidation yobushushu obuphezulu.

I-303 kunye ne-303Se ziyi-free-cut-stainless steels eziqukethe i-sulfur kunye ne-selenium ngokulandelanayo, ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo apho ukunqunyulwa kwamahhala kunye nokugqiba okuphezulu kufunwa kakhulu. I-303Se insimbi engenasici isetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye ezifuna ukutshatyalaliswa okushushu ngenxa yokuba inokusebenza kakuhle okushushu phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo.

I-304L yintlukwano ye-304 yensimbi engenasici kunye nomxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni, osetyenziswa kwiindawo apho i-welding ifunwa khona. Isiqulatho sekhabhoni esisezantsi sinciphisa imvula ye-carbides kwindawo echaphazelekayo ngubushushu kufuphi ne-weld, enokubangela i-intergranular corrosion (i-weld erosion) yensimbi engenasici kwiindawo ezithile.

I-305 kunye ne-384 i-stainless steels iqulethe umxholo ophezulu we-nickel kunye nesantya esiphantsi sobunzima bomsebenzi kwaye ifanelekile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zokubumba okubandayo.

I-308 insimbi engenasici isetyenziselwa ukwenza iintonga ze-welding.

I-309, 310, 314 kunye ne-330 iintsimbi ezingenasici zine-nickel ephezulu kunye nomxholo we-chromium ukuze kuphuculwe ukuxhathisa i-oxidation kunye namandla ahamba ngentsimbi kumaqondo aphezulu obushushu. I-30S5 kunye ne-310S zizinto ezihlukeneyo ze-309 kunye ne-310 zensimbi ezingenasici, umahluko kuphela kukuba umxholo wekhabhoni uphantsi ukuze unciphise i-carbides yemvula kufuphi ne-weld. I-330 yensimbi engenasici inokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu ne-carburization kunye nomothuko we-thermal.

I-316 kunye ne-317 insimbi engenasici iqulethe i-aluminium, ngoko ke ukuxhathisa kwabo ekufakeni i-corrosion kwiindawo zaselwandle kunye neekhemikhali zoshishino zingcono kakhulu kune-304 yensimbi engenasici. Phakathi kwazo, i-316 insimbi engenasici inezintlu ezibandakanya i-low-carbon stainless steel 316L, kunye ne-high-stainless steel steel equkethe i-nitrogen.

I-316N kunye ne-free-cut-stainless steel 316F enomxholo ophezulu wesulfure.

I-321, i-347, kunye ne-348 yizinsimbi ezingenasici ezizinzile nge-titanium, i-niobium, kunye ne-tantalum, ngokulandelanayo, kwaye ifanelekile kumacandelo e-welding asetyenziswa kumaqondo aphezulu okushisa. I-348 yintsimbi engenasici efanelekileyo kwishishini lamandla enyukliya kwaye inezithintelo ezithile kwixabiso le-tantalum kunye ne-cobalt.

Xa ukhetha, kufuneka uqwalasele izinto ezifana neemfuno ezithile zesicelo, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweendleko.