Sabon Kwatancen Teburin Makin Karfe Bakin Karfe

Bakin karfe ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antun masana'antu na duniya, amma saboda ma'auni daban-daban da hanyoyin sanya sunan bakin karfe a kasashe da yankuna daban-daban, galibi ana samun cikas wajen fahimta da sadarwa. Domin taimakawa masana'antu da masu siye don ganowa da zaɓar kayan da suka dace, JIEHUANG ya haɗa cikakken tebur kwatancen ƙasashen duniya na maki bakin karfe. Wannan tebur yana kwatanta manyan ma'auni na kasa da kasa (kamar ma'aunin GB na kasar Sin, ma'aunin ASTM na Amurka, ma'aunin EN Turai da ma'aunin JIS na Japan) don yin la'akari da sauri lokacin zabar da siyan kayan bakin karfe. Wannan ba zai iya kawai inganta yadda ya dace na siyan kan iyaka ba, amma kuma yana taimakawa tabbatar da daidaito da daidaiton zaɓin kayan.

RFQ:

1. Menene juriya na lalata na bakin karfe daban-daban?

304 wani nau'i ne na bakin karfe na gaba ɗaya wanda aka yi amfani dashi don yin kayan aiki da sassan da ke buƙatar kyakkyawan aiki mai kyau (lalata juriya da tsari). 301 bakin karfe yana nuna taurin aiki a bayyane lokacin da ya lalace kuma ana amfani dashi a lokuta daban-daban waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarfi mafi girma.

Bakin karfe 302 shine ainihin bambance-bambancen bakin karfe 304 tare da babban abun ciki na carbon, wanda za'a iya sanya shi ya sami ƙarfi mafi girma ta hanyar mirgina sanyi.

302B bakin karfe ne tare da babban abun ciki na silicon kuma yana da juriya mai girma ga iskar shaka mai zafi. 303 da 303Se sune bakin karfe masu yanke sulfur da selenium bi da bi, waɗanda ake amfani da su a lokatai waɗanda galibi suna buƙatar yanke-yanke da ƙare saman ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani da 303Se bakin karfe don yin sassan da ke buƙatar tashin hankali mai zafi saboda a cikin irin wannan yanayin, wannan bakin karfe yana da kyakkyawan aiki mai zafi.

304L shine bambance-bambancen bakin karfe 304 tare da ƙananan abun ciki na carbon kuma ana amfani dashi a lokutan da ke buƙatar waldawa. Ƙananan abun ciki na carbon yana rage hazo na carbide a cikin yankin da zafi ya shafa kusa da walda, kuma hazo na carbide na iya haifar da lalata intergranular (weld yashwa) na bakin karfe a wasu wurare.

304N bakin karfe ne mai dauke da nitrogen, kuma ana kara nitrogen don kara karfin karfen.

305 da 384 bakin karfe sun ƙunshi abun ciki na nickel mafi girma kuma suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki, yana sa su dace da lokuta daban-daban tare da manyan buƙatu don yanayin sanyi.

Ana amfani da bakin karfe 308 don yin sandunan walda.

309, 310, 314 da 330 bakin karafa duk suna da mafi girman nickel da abun ciki na chromium don haɓaka juriya na iskar shaka da ƙarfin rarrafe na ƙarfe a yanayin zafi. 30S5 da 310S bambance-bambancen bakin karfe ne na 309 da 310, bambancin kawai shine suna da ƙananan abun ciki na carbon don rage hazo na carbide kusa da walda. 330 bakin karfe yana da tsayin daka musamman ga carburization da girgiza thermal.

Bakin karfe 316 da 317 sun ƙunshi aluminum, don haka juriyar lalatawar su a cikin yanayin masana'antar ruwa da sinadarai sun fi na bakin karfe 304 kyau. Daga cikin su, 316 bakin karfe yana da bambance-bambancen karatu ciki har da ƙananan bakin karfe 316L, bakin karfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi 316N mai ɗauke da nitrogen, da yanke bakin karfe 316F kyauta tare da babban abun ciki na sulfur.

321, 347 da 348 sune bakin karfe da aka daidaita tare da titanium, niobium, tantalum da niobium bi da bi, dace da abubuwan walda da aka yi amfani da su a yanayin zafi mai girma. 348 wani bakin karfe ne wanda ya dace da masana'antar makamashin nukiliya, kuma yana da wasu hani kan adadin tantalum da cobalt.

2. Me yasa bakin karfe shima Magnetic yake?

Amsa: Sau da yawa mutane suna tunanin cewa maganadisu na iya jawo bakin karfe don tabbatar da ingancinsa da ingancinsa. Idan bai jawo hankalin maganadisu ba, ana la'akari da shi mai kyau da gaske; idan ya ja hankalin maganadisu, an dauke shi a matsayin karya ne. A haƙiƙa, wannan hanya ce ta musamman mai gefe ɗaya, wacce ba ta da amfani kuma ba daidai ba hanyar tantancewa.

Akwai nau'ikan da yawa na bakin karfe, wanda za'a iya raba su cikin nau'ikan da yawa bisa ga tsarin tsari a zazzabi dakin da zazzabi:

1. Austenite: kamar 304, 321, 316, 310, da dai sauransu;

2. Martensite ko ferrite: kamar 430, 420, 410, da dai sauransu;

Austenite ba Magnetic bane ko rauni mai rauni, yayin da martensite ko ferrite magnetic ne.

Yawancin bakin karfe da ake amfani da su don zanen bututu na ado shine kayan austenitic 304, wanda gabaɗaya ba maganadisu bane ko maganadisu mai rauni. Duk da haka, saboda sauyin yanayi a cikin abubuwan sinadaran ko yanayin sarrafawa daban-daban da ke haifar da narkewa, magnetism na iya faruwa, amma wannan ba za a iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin jabu ko rashin cancanta ba. Menene dalili?

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, austenite ba Magnetic bane ko rauni mai rauni, yayin da martensite ko ferrite shine Magnetic. Saboda rarrabuwar sassan ko rashin kulawar zafi a lokacin narkewa, ƙaramin adadin martensite ko tsarin ferrite za a haifar da shi a cikin austenitic 304 bakin karfe. Ta wannan hanyar, 304 bakin karfe zai sami rauni mai rauni.

Bugu da ƙari, bayan aikin sanyi, tsarin tsarin 304 bakin karfe zai kuma canza zuwa martensite. Mafi girman nakasar aikin sanyi, ƙarin canjin martensite, kuma mafi girman maganadisu na ƙarfe. Misali, batch na tubes na karfe, lokacin samar da bututun Φ76, babu fitowar maganadisu bayyananne, da kuma lokacin samar da bututun Φ9.5. Shigar da maganadisu ya fi bayyane saboda girman nakasar lankwasa sanyi. Nakasar bututu mai murabba'i da rectangular ya fi girma fiye da na bututun zagaye, musamman sasanninta, kuma nakasar ta fi tsanani kuma magnetism ya fi bayyana.

Don gaba daya kawar da maganadisu na 304 karfe lalacewa ta hanyar da dalilai na sama, high-zazzabi m bayani magani za a iya amfani da su mayar da barga austenite tsarin, game da shi kawar da maganadisu.

Ya kamata a yi nuni da cewa magnetism na bakin karfe 304 da wadannan dalilai na sama ke haifarwa ya sha bamban da karfin maganadisu na sauran kayan kamar 430 da carbon karfe, wato magnetism na karfe 304 ko da yaushe yana nuna raunin maganadisu.

Wannan yana gaya mana cewa idan bakin karfe yana da raunin maganadisu ko babu maganadisu kwata-kwata, yakamata a yi la'akari da shi azaman 3-4 ko 316 abu; idan ya kasance daidai da magnetism na carbon karfe, yana nuna ƙarfin maganadisu, don haka an yanke hukunci ba 304 abu ba.

Muna ba da shawarar cewa lokacin siyan samfuran bakin karfe, yakamata ku zaɓi samfuran da suka shahara daga masana'anta, kada ku kasance masu kwadayin arha, ku kiyayi yaudara.