Inganda eshanu zingenzi ziterambere ryigihe kizaza cyibicuruzwa byubutaka

Inganda zimodoka zamashanyarazi

 

Imibare iheruka gutangwa n’ishyirahamwe ry’abakora ibinyabiziga mu Bushinwa, ivuga ko Ubushinwa bwakoze kandi bugurisha miliyoni 6.253 na miliyoni 6.067 n’imodoka nshya z’ingufu. Hamwe no kuzamuka kwinganda n’igurisha ryarushije kure isoko muri kiriya gihe, ibinyabiziga bishya byinjira mu mbaraga byarenze 36% kandi bikomeza kwiyongera. Ikoranabuhanga ryibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi rihora ritera imbere, ryihutishije gusimbuza ibishushanyo mbonera nibikoresho. Imikoreshereze yimodoka nshya yingufu zamashanyarazi yakiriye neza ibikoresho bya ceramic bigezweho kubera ibyiza byihariye.

Muri byo, HIP silicon nitride ifite imipira hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa silicon nitride substrate iriganje.

 

 

01 HIP Imipira ya Silicon Nitride

Imodoka zitwara ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu zisaba ubucucike buke kandi ugereranije nibindi bikoresho birwanya kwambara bitewe nigipimo cyinshi cyo kuzunguruka mugihe ugereranije nibisanzwe. Muri silicon nitride ceramic, imipira itanga ubushyuhe buke no guterana muri sisitemu yo gutwara. By'umwihariko, nitride ya silicon nikintu gisanzwe kiboneka mumashanyarazi gishobora kubuza kwangirika kwamashanyarazi kutasohoka, kuramba kwamavuta yo kwisiga, hanyuma amaherezo bigatera kunanirwa. Nibyiza gukoreshwa mumirenge itandukanye, harimo imodoka zamashanyarazi.

 

Ibikoresho bya ceramic biragenda bisimbuza ibyuma byumupira mugihe cyimashanyarazi. Silicon nitride ceramic ball ball iziritse ikoreshwa murugo Xiaopeng P7, G9, Weilai ET7, nubundi buryo. Kurugero, ibisohoka bya moteri ikoreshwa na Tesla ikoresha ibyuma bya ceramic, ibyuma bya ceramic ceramic byakozwe na NSK, hamwe nudupira twitwa ballon nitride 50.

Gukanda isostatike ishyushye (HIP) hamwe no gucana gazi (GPS) nuburyo bubiri bukunzwe cyane bwo gutegura silicon nitride ceramic ball ball. Ubu buryo bubiri butanga imipira yubutaka ikoreshwa kenshi mubice byinshi. HIP silicon nitride itanga imiterere yubukanishi nubuzima bwumunaniro muremure kuruta GPS silicon nitride.

Kugeza ubu, ibigo bizwi cyane by’amahanga bikomeje kugenzura imigabane mpuzamahanga n’icyerekezo cy’iterambere, mu gihe ibigo by’Abayapani, Abanyaburayi, n’Abanyamerika bikomeje kwiganza mu gukora ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byitwa ceramic. 2015 habaye ishyirwaho ryibikoresho byigihugu-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd mugihugu cyanjye.

yateye imbere cyane mu ikoranabuhanga mu gutanga umusaruro ushushe ushyizwemo na silicon nitride ceramic ceramic, bituma iba sosiyete ya mbere mu Bushinwa yashyizeho umusaruro mwinshi w’ibikoresho ndetse n’isosiyete ya gatatu muri rusange, inyuma ya Toshiba mu Buyapani na Kustec muri Amerika. SKF muri Suwede, Timken muri Amerika, GMN mu Budage, na Forsa muri Espagne biri mu bihugu byoherezwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bugereranywa bukoreshwa na Sinoceramic Jinsheng nabandi mugukora nitride ya silicon ifite imipira ifite imbaraga za MPa 1000.

 

 

02 Amashanyarazi menshi ya silicon nitride ceramic substrate

Silicon nitride ceramic substrate ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya semiconductor hamwe na inverter yimodoka zifite amashanyarazi meza (EV) hamwe n’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi (HEV), kandi bifite amahirwe menshi yo kwisoko no gukoresha ibyifuzo.

Kugeza ubu, imbaraga zigoramye za MPa 650, ubukana bwavunitse bwa 5-7 MPa · m1 / 2, hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwa 85 W / (m · K) burakenewe kugirango ubucuruzi bukoreshwe mu bucuruzi bw’umuriro mwinshi wa silicon nitride ceramic substrate ibikoresho. Itsinda rya Toshiba, Hitachi Metals, Nippon Electric Chemical, Maruwa, na Nippon Fine Ceramics nisosiyete yambere ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora cyane-silicon nitride ceramic substrate ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi.

 

Byongeye kandi, habaye iterambere mu bushakashatsi bwo murugo kubikoresho bya silicon nitride ceramic substrate ibikoresho. Mugutezimbere uburyo bwo gucumura, Beijing Sinoma Artificial Crystal Research Institute Co., Ltd. yateguye neza insimburangingo ya silicon nitride ceramic substrate ifite imbaraga zingana na 700-800MPa, ubukana bwavunitse bwa ≥8MPa · m1 / 2, hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro wa ≥80W / (m · K). Silicon nitride ceramic substrate yakozwe nishami rya Beijing rya Sinoma High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd ikoresheje uburyo bwo gufata kaseti ifite ubushyuhe bwa 100 W / (m · K).

 

Kugeza ubu ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigenda byegereza ubwenge biturutse ku kwamamara kw’imodoka nshya n’iterambere ry’ubwenge bw’ubukorikori (AI). Abakora ibinyabiziga bagaragaje kandi ko bashishikajwe n’ibikoresho bitandukanye by’ibumba, birimo ibikoresho byo gupakira lidar, feri ya ceramic ceramic, MLCC ifite ubushobozi bwinshi, ibikoresho bitwara amashyuza ya ceramic, nibindi.

 

Gukora igice cya kabiri

Amategeko y’inganda y "" igisekuru kimwe cyikoranabuhanga, igisekuru kimwe cyibikorwa, igisekuru kimwe cyibikoresho "agenga inganda zikoresha igice cya kabiri, kandi iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryuzuye ni ingenzi cyane mu kuvugurura no gutunganya ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Ibice bya ceramic byuzuye nibikoresho byerekana cyane igice cya semiconductor ibice byuzuye muribyo. Zikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwingenzi bwo gukora igice cya kabiri cyogukora, harimo gutobora, kubika imyuka ya chimique, kubitsa imyuka yumubiri, no gutera ion. nk'ibikoresho byo gukoresha imashini, amashanyarazi ya electrostatike, imirongo, kuyobora gari ya moshi, hamwe n'ibindi. Ikora inshingano zo gutuza, kwirwanaho, no kurangaza, cyane cyane mubikoresho byububiko.

 

Umusaruro wa semiconductor Inganda za semiconductor zigengwa n amategeko yinganda y "" igisekuru kimwe cyikoranabuhanga, igisekuru kimwe cyibikorwa, igisekuru kimwe cyibikoresho, "kandi kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryibice byingenzi nibyingenzi muguhindura no gutunganya imashini zikoresha igice. Mubikoresho byose bikoreshwa mubice bisobanutse neza, ibice bya ceramic byuzuye nibyo bihagarariye cyane. Bakoreshwa muburyo bwo gutobora, kubika imyuka ya chimique, kubika imyuka yumubiri, no gutera ion, mubindi bikorwa byingenzi byo gukora igice cya kabiri. nk'ibikoresho, imirongo, kuyobora gari ya moshi, amashanyarazi ya electrostatike, n'amaboko yo gukoresha imashini, kuvuga amazina make. Ikora nko gutandukana, kwirwanaho, no gutuza, cyane cyane imbere yibikoresho.

 

 

Inganda zizigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije

Iyobowe na politiki y’igihugu "karuboni ebyiri", inganda zose ziratera imbere buhoro buhoro mu rwego rwo kuzigama ingufu, kugabanya karubone, kugabanya umwanda, no kuzamura imikorere. Muri iyi miterere, inganda zubutaka zihura nogukoresha ingufu nigitutu cyo kurengera ibidukikije, ariko kandi kizana amahirwe mashya yiterambere mubikoresho byubutaka.

 

 

01 Ceramic membrane

Kugirango dusimbuze tekinoroji isanzwe yo gutandukanya filtration, tekinoroji yo gutandukanya membrane hamwe na ceramic membrane yibanze muri iki gihe ikoreshwa cyane cyane nkigikorwa cyo gutandukanya cyane mu nganda zitunganyirizwa hamwe n’imirima idasanzwe yo gutunganya amazi yo gutandukanya kuyungurura, kwibanda no kweza, no kweza no gukuraho umwanda.

Ceramic flat membrane

Muri byo, amazi mumiterere igoye arashobora kuyungurura, gutandukana, no kwezwa hifashishijwe imikorere-yimikorere ya ceramic yibibumbano. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije, imbaraga zikomeye za chimique, gushungura cyane, gushishoza neza, amafaranga make yo gukora no kuyitaho, igihe kinini cya serivisi, hamwe n’ibidukikije byangiza ubuzima mubuzima bwose ni bimwe mubiranga. Yakoreshejwe cyane kandi itezwa imbere mu bice by’imyanda y’amakomine, ikwirakwiza amazi, gutunganya amazi y’umukara n’impumuro nziza, kongera gukoresha amazi, no gutunganya amazi mabi y’inganda. Nicyerekezo cyibanze cyiterambere murwego rwimikorere mpuzamahanga yo hejuru-ceramic itandukanya membrane kandi ifite ibyerekezo byinshi byamasoko.

Hamwe no gutunganya amazi, imicungire y’ikirere mu gihugu cyanjye nayo iri hafi. Sisitemu yangiza ibidukikije idasanzwe ya sisitemu ya nano-denitrification catalizator yapakiwe mubintu bya ceramic fibre composite membrane nkibikoresho byunganira gukora fibre yubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo kuvanaho no kuvanaho umukungugu, ikintu cyayunguruzo hamwe nibikorwa byo gukuraho no gukuramo ivumbi bishobora kugera ku kweza gasi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

 

 

02 Airgel

Iterambere ryinshi ryicyatsi na karubone nkeya ya airgel, ibikoresho birenze urugero, byashizeho kugeza ubu bitigeze byunvikana imbaraga zo kuzamuka kwurwego rwa airgel. Ikoranabuhanga rishya rya airgel riteganijwe guhuzwa niterambere ryinganda zicyatsi kugirango habeho ibicuruzwa byinshi bishya bijyanye ninganda zinganda zicyatsi zitera imbere byihuse.

 

Airgel ifite ubucucike buke cyane, ultra-high porosity, indangagaciro zidacika intege, ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro, inzitizi ya acoustic nkeya nibindi biranga ibikoresho rusange bidafite. Ibi biranga bituma bigira amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mubijyanye no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwumuriro, biomedicine, kubika amajwi, adsorption, nibindi, kandi isoko rishobora kuba ryinshi.

 

 

Inganda za biomedicine

Ibindi byinshi byatewe ningingo ningingo bizakoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvura mugihe societe itera imbere kandi ubuzima bwabantu bukaba bwiza. Mu gihugu cyanjye, ibyuma nkibyuma bidafite ingese na cobalt bivangwa kuva kera byakoreshejwe mugukiza amagufwa no gusana kubera ubuhanga bwabo bwo gukanika no kugenzura; nonese, biocompatibilité yabo irabura. Kubwibyo, isoko nubushakashatsi bwibikoresho byo gutwikira cyangwa bioceramics bifite ubuzima bwiza kandi bihuza bigenda byiyongera vuba.

Kubera ubukana budasanzwe bwo kuvunika no kwambara, ubukorikori bwibinyabuzima nka Al2O3, ZrO2, ZTA, Si3N4, hamwe nibikoresho bifitanye isano na ceramic bifatanyirizwa hamwe bikoreshwa kenshi muri prothèse yo kubaga imitwaro, gutera amenyo, gusimbuza amagufwa, nibindi. Muri ibyo, nitride ya silicon ikomatanya ingaruka za bagiteri na mitiweli yo kwisiga, kandi kuyitera bifite igihe kirekire gihamye cyibinyabuzima bihamye.

Mu 2022, biteganijwe ko isoko ry’isi yose ku bikoresho by’ubuvuzi by’ubutaka biteganijwe ko rizaba hafi miliyari 15 USD. Mu 2022, isoko ry’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi mu Bushinwa biteganijwe ko bizaba bifite agaciro ka miliyari 4.5 z’amadolari y’Amerika. Muri bo, ububiko bwa alumina bugize ubwinshi (hafi 60%). Silicon nitride ceramics ikoreshwa muguterwa amagufwa, mugihe ceramika ya zirconi ikoreshwa cyane mubuvuzi bw'amenyo.

 

 

Urwego rwo mu kirere

Ubukorikori burigihe bugaragara kubikorwa byabo bidasanzwe mubihe bitandukanye byo gusaba. Inganda za gisirikari n’ikirere ni ebyiri mu masoko akoreshwa cyane mu bukerarugendo bwateye imbere. "Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru" na "ubujura" ni byo bice bibiri by'ibanze by'iterambere ry'ubutaka mu nganda zo mu kirere.

 

Igisekuru gishya cya moteri yindege za gisirikare gikenera cyane ibikoresho bishya byubushyuhe bwo hejuru birwanya ubushyuhe kuko ubushobozi bwa kristu imwe, gutwika amashyuza yumuriro, hamwe no gukonjesha ikirere bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro. SiC / SiC-CMC yagaragaye nkimwe mumahitamo yo hejuru yibikoresho byubushyuhe birwanya ubushyuhe. SiC / SiC-CMC irashimangirwa kandi igakomera igice kinini na fibre silicon karbide. Ibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi kuri SiC / SiC-CMC ni fibre ya karubide ya silicon, ifite ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 1200 ° C kandi ikurura imbaraga zindege mumarushanwa yubushakashatsi.

 

 

Mubisanzwe bigizwe nuburyo bukurura (absorbent) nibikoresho bya matrix (rimwe na rimwe bizwi nka binder), ibikoresho byo gukuramo biri mubikoresho byingenzi byubujura. Carbide ya Silicon nikintu cyibanze gikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byinshi bya ceramic; ibinyabuzima bya ceramic nanoparticles hamwe nibikoresho bya polymer organique bihuza gukora ibikoresho bya ceramic infrared ibikoresho byubujura, ubwoko bumwe. Kugirango habeho gukwirakwiza umurongo mugari wa elegitoroniki ya elegitoroniki, imiyoboro ya ceramic nanoparticles ikwirakwizwa kimwe muri materix ya polymer idasanzwe kandi ikagenzurwa neza.