Ibice by'icyuma byacumuye ni iki:
Ibice byuma byacuzwe bikozwe hakoreshejwe aifu ya metallurgie tekinike bita gucumura. Muri ubu buryo, ifu yicyuma ifunikwa muburyo butomoye, hanyuma ubushyuhe bukoreshwa muguhuza ibice byicyuma imbere yikintu cyaremewe, bikagufasha gukomeza imiterere yacyo mishya.Gucumurairashobora gukoreshwa kugirango habeho ubwoko bunini bwicyuma cyubwoko kandi burahujwe nibyuma byinshi bitandukanye.
JIEHUANGIbyuma byacumuye ninzobere muburyo bwo guhanagura ibintu bihindura ifu yifu yibicuruzwa biramba, byiringirwa. Wige byinshi kubyerekeranye nuburyo bwo gucumura ibyuma nuburyo bushobora gufasha gusaba kwawe usoma.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gucumura:
Igikorwa cyo gucumura ni ugutegura ifu yubutare bwicyuma, flux, lisansi nabasimbuye ukurikije ibisabwa byo gushonga itanura riturika, ukurikije igipimo runaka cyo gutekesha, kuvanga, kongeramo amavuta. Guhindura, gukwirakwiza umuriro, hifashishijwe umufana, kugirango mugihe cyibikorwa byubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hejuru yubutaka bwa feri yamabuye yoroheje no gushonga, bikabyara icyiciro runaka cyamazi, nibindi bice byanyuma bishonga byamabuye, nyuma yo gukonjesha, icyiciro cyamazi kizashyira uduce duto twa poro ya minerval muburyo bwo gucumura.
Inzira y'ibanze yo gucumura
ifu ikanda → kwishyuza (kwitegura mbere yo gupakira no gucumura) → gucumura (gushyushya, kubika ubushyuhe no gukonjesha) → gusohoka body umubiri wacumuye
Ni izihe nyungu Ibyuma byacumuye?
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● Irashobora gukuraho umwanda wangiza nka sulfure, zinc, nibindi.;
Waste Imyanda yo mu nganda, nk'umukungugu w'itanura riturika, ibyuma bizunguruka, acide sulfurike, icyuma, n'ibindi.;
Metal Ibyuma bidafite fer hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe burashobora kugarurwa.
Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwicyuma
| Ubushyuhe | Ingero zibicuruzwa byacumuye |
| 1050 | Carbone ndende (hejuru ya 2,5% grafite), ubucucike buke ( |
| 1080 | Amavuta menshi, kuyobora valve, ibishushanyo bya 1.5-2.5% byo kurwanya ibice |
| 1120 | Ibice byubatswe byubatswe (Fe-C, Fe-Cu-C), mugihe ibishushanyo mbonera |
| 50 1150 | Hagati hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi zubaka ibice (ibishushanyo mbonera |
Nibihe bikoresho bisanzwe byacumuye:
Amavuta akomeye: igizwe na tungsten, cobalt, karubone nibindi byuma, hamwe nubukomezi bwinshi, kurwanya imbaraga zikomeye, kurwanya ruswa ndetse nindi mitungo, ikoreshwa cyane mubukorikori, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'indi mirima.
Tungsten alloy:Ahanini igizwe na tungsten, fer, nikel nibindi byuma, bifite ubucucike bwinshi, imbaraga nyinshi, gushonga cyane nibindi biranga, bikunze gukoreshwa mugukora ikirere hamwe no kurinda igihugu ibice byubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Ibikoresho bya diyama: Diamond nkibintu byingenzi bigize ibikoresho, binyuze muriinzira yo gucumuranibindi bikoresho byibyuma bigizwe, bifite ubukana buhebuje, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, bikoreshwa cyane mugusebanya, gukata, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ingufu nizindi nzego.
Ibikoresho bya Nano ceramic: igizwe nibikoresho byibyuma, oxyde, nibindi, hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwinshi, kwihanganira kwambara cyane hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bikwiranye no kugabanya umuvuduko mwinshi, gucana ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nizindi nzego.
Mubyongeyeho, ibikoresho byuma byacumuye birimo kandi ibinyobwa bidasanzwe byihariye, ibikoresho bya ceramic hamwe nibikoresho bya nano.
Kugirango ngufashe kumva neza ibikoresho byuma byacumuye, nashizeho imbonerahamwe irambuye yerekana ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho byacumuye nibintu bifitanye isano.
| Ubwoko bwibikoresho | Ibyingenzi | Ibiranga | Porogaramu Rusange | Ibyiza | Ibibi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icuma | Icyuma, Carbone, nibindi | Imbaraga nyinshi, kwihanganira kwambara neza, igiciro gito | Ibice by'imodoka, gukora ibikoresho, imashini zubaka | Igiciro gito, kwihanganira kwambara neza, imbaraga nyinshi | Gukunda ingese, kurwanya ruswa |
| Icuma Cyuma | Icyuma, Chromium, Nickel, Molybdenum, nibindi | Kurwanya ruswa nziza nimbaraga za mashini | Ibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibiryo, ibikoresho byimiti | Kurwanya ruswa nziza, imbaraga ziciriritse, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru | Ugereranije igiciro kinini, ubucucike buke, ubukana budahagije |
| Umuringa Wacumuye na Alloys | Umuringa, Zinc (Umuringa), Amabati (Umuringa), nibindi | Amashanyarazi meza cyane | Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, guhanahana ubushyuhe, ibikoresho byo kuvoma | Umuyoboro mwiza w'amashanyarazi nubushyuhe, kwihanganira kwambara neza, kurwanya ruswa ikomeye | Ugereranije imbaraga nke no gukomera, bikunda guhinduka |
| Titanium | Titanium hamwe n'amavuta (urugero, Ti-6Al-4V) | Ingano nziza cyane-yuburemere no kurwanya ruswa | Ikirere, ibikoresho byo kwa muganga, ibikoresho byo gutunganya imiti | Ikigereranyo kinini-ku buremere, imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya ruswa, biocompatibilité nziza | Igiciro kinini, biragoye gutunganya |
| Aluminiyumu | Aluminium n'ibiyikomokaho | Umucyo woroshye, urwanya ruswa ikomeye, amashanyarazi meza nubushyuhe bwumuriro | Ikirere, inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki | Umucyo woroshye, urwanya okiside nziza, ugereranije nigiciro gito | Imbaraga nke, ubukene bwo kwambara, ubukana buke |
| Icyaha Nickel-ishingiye kuri Alloys | Nickel, Chromium, Molybdenum, nibindi | Imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane hamwe no kurwanya ruswa | Moteri yindege, turbine, ibikoresho bya peteroli | Imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru, okiside ikomeye hamwe no kurwanya ruswa | Ubucucike bwinshi, biragoye gutunganya, ugereranije nigiciro kinini |
| Tungsten | Tungsten | Ahantu ho gushonga cyane no gukomera, kurwanya amashanyarazi neza no gukora ubushyuhe bwo hejuru | Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, ibyuma bisohora ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo gukata | Ingingo yo gushonga cyane, gukomera cyane, kwihanganira kwambara neza | Ubukonje bukabije, ubukana buke, bigoye gutunganya |
| Molybdenum | Molybdenum | Amashanyarazi meza yubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushyuhe buke bwo kwagura ubushyuhe | Ibice by'itanura ryubushyuhe bwo hejuru, inganda za kirimbuzi, gukoresha ikirere | Amashanyarazi meza yubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushyuhe buke bwo kwagura ubushyuhe | Byoroshye okiside, bisaba gutunganyirizwa mukirere gikingira cyangwa vacuum |
Porogaramu Ibicuruzwa Byacumuye
Ibicuruzwa byacuzwezikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi bitewe nuburyo budasanzwe nkimbaraga nyinshi, kwambara birwanya, hamwe no kwihanganira ibipimo. Hano haribintu bimwe byingenzi byakoreshejwe ibicuruzwa byacumuye:
1. Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga
Ibyuma byacumuye nibyingenzi mubikorwa byimodoka kugirango bikoreibice bya moteri,sisitemu yo kohereza, nasisitemu ya feri. Ibicuruzwa nkaamashusho,ibikoresho,ububiko, naferikungukirwa nibyuma byacumuye imbaraga nyinshi, kwambara birwanya, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukora munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe.
Inganda zo mu kirere
Inganda zo mu kirere zikoresha ibicuruzwa byacumuye nkaibice bigize imitererenaibice bya moteri. Icyahatitaniumnanikel-ishingiye kuri superalloysbatoranijwe kubwimbaraga zabo-uburemere, kurwanya ruswa, nubushobozi bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bigatuma biba byiza gukoreshwa mumodoka na moteri yindege.
3. Inganda zubuvuzi
Ibicuruzwa byacuzwe bigira uruhare runini mubuvuzi, cyane cyane murigushiramo hamwe na prostatenaibikoresho byo kubaga. Ibikoresho nkagucumura titaniumnaibyumabatoneshwa kubijyanye na biocompatibilité, imbaraga, no kuramba, bigatuma bikenerwa no gutera amagufwa no gukoresha amenyo.
4. Imashini zinganda
Mu mashini zinganda, ibyuma byacuzwe bikoreshwa mugukoraububiko,bushings, ibikoresho, naamasoko. Ibikoresho nkaUmuringanaicyumatanga ibintu byiza cyane byo kwisiga hamwe no kwihanganira kwambara cyane, kugabanya ibikenerwa byo kubungabunga no kongera igihe cyo kubaho.
5. Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki
Ibyuma byacuzwe bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki yo gukoraubushyuhe,moteri nto,Abakoresha, naHindura ibice.Umuringanaaluminiummenya neza gucunga neza ubushyuhe nibikorwa byizewe mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
6. Inganda za peteroli na gaze
Inganda za peteroli na gaze zunguka ibicuruzwa byacumuye nkamuyunguruzinaibice bya valve. Ibicuruzwa byakozwe kugirango bihangane n’umuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe, hamwe nibikoresho bitanga imbaraga nyinshi kandi birwanya ruswa.
Inganda z'amashanyarazi
Mu nganda zamashanyarazi, ibyuma byacuzwe bikoreshwa kuriimibonano,indangantego, naibice bya magneti.Ifeza,umuringa, hamwe nibikoresho byoroshye bya magnetiki bikundwa kubwiza buhebuje, kwambara birwanya, hamwe na magnetiki.
8. Ibikoresho no Gupfa Inganda
Igikoresho no gupfa inganda zikoresha ibyuma byacumuye kuriibikoresho byo gukata,ibishushanyo, naarapfa.Carbide ya tungstenazwiho gukomera gukabije no kwambara birwanya, bigatuma biba byiza kumuvuduko mwinshi kandi wambaye cyane.
9. Imitako n'imyambarire
Ibyuma byacumuye, nkaibyuma,titanium, naibyuma by'agaciro, barazwi cyane mumitako nimyambarire yo guhangaibikoresho byo gushushanyanaReba ibicebitewe nubwiza bwabo bwiza kandi burambye.
10. Ibikoresho byo murugo
Ibikoresho byacuzwe biboneka mubikoresho bitandukanye byo murugo, nkacompressormuri firigo na konderasi, kimwe naicyumanaibikoreshomu kuvanga no kuvanga. Ibi bice byunguka imbaraga, kuramba, no kwambara birwanya ibyuma byacumuye.
