Ubushakashatsi bushya busanga Titanium Yubuvuzi Yingirakamaro cyane

3D icapiro rya titanium

Ugereranije nuburyo gakondo, ibyiza byubuhanga bwo gucapa 3D kugirango bikore imibare yihariye yo kubaga abantu bigaragarira cyane cyane: Ibiranga 3D bicapye kubuntu birashobora kwihuta kandi neza neza imiterere yimbere, birashobora kunesha imiterere yimiterere yabantu bose ntibishobora kubangikanya numubiri wumuntu kandi imiterere yubukanishi ntabwo ijyanye nibibazo bisanzwe; Mugukora ibikoresho bigoye hamwe nibicuruzwa bitoroshye-gutunganya, mikoro yihariye yihariye, cyane cyane inyuze mumiterere, ntishobora gusa guhuza imiterere yihariye yumubiri na chimique, ariko kandi izamura biohistocompatibilité.

Uru ruhererekane rwibyiza rushobora gutsinda neza ibibazo bisanzwe byo gukingira no gukora ibinyabuzima bike byatewe. Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa cyane kandi rikoreshwa cyane mu icapiro rya 3D titanium alloys ni tekinoroji ya SLM na tekinoroji ya EBM.

Guhitamo Laser Gushonga (SLM) ikoresha lazeri nkisoko yubushyuhe kugirango uhitemo guhitamo ibikoresho byifu byateguwe mbere kugirango ushire vuba. Ihame nyamukuru ryakazi ni uko munsi y’ibidukikije birinda gazi, ibikoresho nibikoresho bigenzura urumuri rwa lazeri ukurikije inzira yo gusikana yatewe na sisitemu yo gushushanya uburyo bwo guhitamo no gushonga buri gice cya poro.

Noneho urubuga rwimuwe, ifu irongera gushyirwaho kandi gucumura bigasubirwamo kugeza imiterere yose ikozwe. Kurinda gaze ya inert ibuza icyuma gukora hamwe nizindi myuka mubushyuhe bwinshi. Ikoranabuhanga rya SLM ni ryinshi cyane ryibikoresho, kubika ibikoresho no gukoreshwa, ntibikenewe gushushanya no gutegura sisitemu yingoboka igoye, uruhererekane rwibyiza bituma tekinoroji ya SLM ikoreshwa cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane.

Nyamara, SLM ifite kandi ibibi bimwe: kubera imbaraga nkeya za laser hamwe na scanning galvanometer deflection Angle, ingano y'ibice byateguwe na SLM bizaba bike; Lazeri ifite ingufu nyinshi nibikoresho byiza bya optique ihenze kuyikora, byongera umutwaro wubukungu kurwego runaka. Bitewe no gukoresha ibikoresho byifu ya tekinoroji ya SLM, ubwiza bwubuso bwibice byabumbwe bushobora kuba ikibazo, busaba gutunganya kabiri ibicuruzwa kugirango bikoreshwe mumirimo ikurikira; Spheroidisation hamwe nudusembwa dushobora no kugaragara mugikorwa cyo gutunganya, bisaba indi ntambwe yo kunonosora byimazeyo uburyo bwo gutunganya amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike, EBM ni inzira ikoresha urumuri rwa elegitoronike nkubushyuhe bwo gushonga ibyuma byifu byicyuma mukarere ka vacuum kugirango hongerwemo inyongeramusaruro.

Ihame ryakazi ryayo ni: ifu yabanje gutwikirwa, ingufu za elegitoronike zifite ingufu nyinshi nyuma yo kwibanda ku gutanga ingufu nyinshi mu gace gato kaho kugira ngo zisuzume ifu y’ifu kugira ngo itange ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ndetse ikanashonga, binyuze mu rumuri rwa elegitoronike ikomeza gusikana kugira ngo itange ingufu hagati yo guhuza icyuzi cya elegitoronike no gukomera, bihujwe n'umurongo umwe w'icyuma.

Nyuma yo kurangiza igorofa iriho, subiramo ibikorwa byo gushiraho ifu kugirango ukore. Mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro, EBM ifata ibidukikije byukuri byo gushonga kugirango harebwe imbaraga nyinshi zibikoresho kandi birinde okiside yumuti. Ugereranije na SLM, ibyiza byingenzi bya EBM ni: kubyara ingufu za electron beam power ikoresha ingufu nke, umuvuduko wumusaruro ni mwinshi, kuburyo imbaraga nyazo zose zimashini zose ziri hejuru; Gutandukana kumashanyarazi ya elegitoronike ntibikeneye kwimura igice cyibikoresho, bikarushaho kunoza umuvuduko wo gusikana. Ibidukikije byiza byubushyuhe byerekana neza imiterere yibice byacapwe bya 3D, byemeza imiterere yubukanishi buhagaze, byujuje ibyangombwa byibinyabuzima, kandi ifu yicyuma nayo irashobora gukoreshwa.

Imiterere niterambere rya 3D byacapwe kubaga

Kubaga no kubaga hamwe no gucapisha 3D bifite ibyiringiro byo gukoresha mubijyanye na osteologiya. Ubu hariho byinshi kandi byinshi3D yacapishijwe ibikoresho byatewenko kumva sida, amaguru ya prostate, ubuyobozi bwihariye bwo kubaga amagufwa, ingingo zihimbano, ugutwi kwinyuma, gutera amenyo yihariye hamwe nibindi bikorwa mubuvuzi bwihariye. Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, mu mwaka wa 2014, abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Peking bateye umwana w’imyaka 12 n’umugongo wihariye wa 3D wacapishijwe urutirigongo hamwe na micro-umwobo, bikaba aribwo bwa mbere ku isi. Muri uwo mwaka, abaganga n'abahanga bashyize umukobwa w’imyaka 5 muri otcosse imikindo ya prostate yanditswe na 3D.

Ikigo cyihariye cya Stomatology cy’ibitaro bya 411 by’ingabo z’Abibohoza byifashishije ikoranabuhanga rya EBM kugira ngo kibe cyiza kandi gishyirwemo na mandibular titanium alloy yatewe no kwigana cyane kwa anatomiya ku murwayi wa hemimaxillary. Mugihe cyo kubaga, gusana ibyangiritse byanduye kandi byihariye byo gusana byarangiye mugihe kimwe, kandi mandible ifite inenge yarasanwe kugiti cye. Ingaruka ya nyuma yibikorwa yari ishimishije. Lethaus B n'abandi bashakashatsi bakoresheje tekinoroji yo gucapa 3D kugira ngo bongere kubaka amagufwa ya mikorobe na mikorobe mu barwayi 20 bafite imiti ya mandibular, ibyo bikaba byaragabanyije igihe cyo gukora kandi bikazamura ireme ry'imikorere, kandi ingaruka nyuma yo kubagwa yari nziza. Mu myaka yashize, amakuru nubushakashatsi bisa byagaragaye mumigezi itagira iherezo, byerekana neza uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha 3D icapiro mubuvuzi.

Kuruhande rwibicuruzwa byamagufwa, ibikoresho bya 3D byacapishijwe ibikoresho byo kubaga nabyo bigenda buhoro buhoro biganisha ku bucuruzi no ku isoko. Mu 2007, bioprinted 3D yacapishijwe acetabulum ibikombe hamwe na tissue scafolders yakozwe na sosiyete yo mubutaliyani Adler Ortho na LIma-LTO batsinze icyemezo cya CE. Ibicuruzwa bya Exactech byemejwe na FDA mu mwaka wa 2010. Mu 2009, igikoresho cyose cyitwa titanium umubiri cyo guhuza umubiri cyakozwe n’isosiyete y'Abanyamerika AMT ikoresheje icapiro rya 3D nacyo cyatsinze icyemezo cya EU CE. Muri 2013, igicuruzwa cya mbere cyatewe na bioprinted gihanga muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika cyemejwe na FDA, kikaba ari nacyo cyambere ku isi cyacapishijwe 3D cyacapishijwe PEEK gihanga.

Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, muri 2014, Isosiyete ya Oxford yo muri Amerika yemeye uruhushya rwa FDA rwo gucapa 3D ibicuruzwa biva mu magufa (uburyo bwa 5IOK). Byongeye kandi, biravugwa ko muri Nzeri 2015, hashyizweho 3D yanditswemo abantu - ikibuno cy’ibihimbano cyakozwe n’ibitaro bya gatatu by’ubuvuzi bwa Beijing na Beijing Aikang Yicheng ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, LTD., Byanditswe n’ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe ibiribwa n’ibiyobyabwenge. Ihuriro rya 3D ryanditseho ikibuno ryinjiye "murwego rwo kubyara umusaruro", bivuze ko Ubushinwa bwacapishijwe 3D nabwo bwinjiye mubikorwa byo gukora.

Ubuhanga bwo gucapa 3D bwerekanye uruhare runini mubumenyi bwubuvuzi no guhanga udushya, kandi ubushakashatsi nogukoresha prothèse zitandukanye zihariye, ingingo za prostate, gutera amenyo nibindi bintu nabyo biragutse cyane. Rero, isuzuma ryibinyabuzima ryatewe niki gikorwa gishya gikeneye kwitabwaho cyane.

Ubushakashatsi kuri biosafeti ya 3D icapa titanium

Umutekano wibikoresho byubuvuzi bigaragarira cyane cyane mubikorwa hagati yimyenda nibikoresho. Kugirango ibikoresho bya biomedical biologique byujuje ubuziranenge bwibikoresho byatewe, hagomba gusabwa ko reaction yatewe no guterwa mumubiri wumuntu iri kurwego rwemewe, kandi mugihe kimwe, ntishobora gutera impinduka zujuje ubuziranenge mumiterere n'imiterere yibikoresho. Imikoranire hagati yumubiri wumuntu numubiri wumuntu igaragarira cyane cyane mubikorwa bya biocompatibilité n'imikorere ya biologiya.

Kubwibyo, nyuma yo kwimikwa mumubiri wumuntu, uwatewe ntagomba gutera ingaruka mbi nka allergie, inflammation na chimie mungirangingo zabantu, mumaraso ningingo, cyangwa kwangwa kwimibiri yabantu. Muri icyo gihe, birasabwa kandi ko gushyirwaho bigomba guterwa igihe kirekire bigomba kuba bifite imiterere myiza yubukanishi, ni ukuvuga imbaraga zihagije, modulus ikwiye, ihagaze neza, irwanya ruswa kandi iramba. Noneho kubaga kwa titanium alloy ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubuvuzi, kandi ubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima nabwo burakuze. Kubwibyo, umutekano wibice bya titanium bifitanye isano no gucapa 3D byibanda cyane cyane kumutekano wibikorwa bya biomehanike.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana niba icyuma cya 3D cyacapwe cyagereranywa n’ibicuruzwa rusange byatewe mu buryo bwa gakondo mu bijyanye n’imiterere y’ubukanishi, kurwanya ruswa no kubangikanya ibinyabuzima, ndetse niba bimwe mu bikoresho bya tekinike bihamye by’ibimera bishobora guhura n’ubuvuzi kandi amahame y’igihugu aracyakomeza. Byagaragaye ko imiterere yimiterere yimiterere yimiterere ya 3D yacapwe ya titanium ishobora guhura nubuvuzi bukenewe. Ingero za Ti6A14V zateguwe na tekinike ya EBM zapimwe nigeragezwa rya tensile itaziguye hamwe nikizamini gishyushye cya isostatike. Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko imbaraga za TI6A14V ntangarugero zirenze igipimo cyo guhimba.

Kurwanya ruswa ya Co-Cr-Mo alloy yateguwe nubuhanga bwa SLM isa niy'umusemburo wateguwe na gahunda gakondo, kandi ingano yo gusenyuka kwa ion mubidukikije bigereranywa n'amacandwe ntago ari icapiro rya 3D ugereranije n'iy'imigenzo gakondo. Igicuruzwa cya Ti6A14V cyateguwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya DMLS wasangaga sosiyete ya EOS ifite imiterere ihagaze neza kandi irwanya umunaniro nk’ibihimbano gakondo binyuze mu gutunganya neza. Igikoresho cyitwa titanium alloy vertebrae fusion cyateguwe na EBM cyatewe mumubiri wihene kandi kigera ku musaruro mwiza muburyo bwo guhuza intama. Amagufwa-ibikoresho byimbere byari byiza kuruta igikoresho cya PEEK.

Mubuvuzi, modulus ya elastique nibindi bikoresho bya tekinike ya titanium ntago ihuye nimiterere yamagufa yumuntu, ibyo bikazana ikibazo cyo "gukingira stress" mubice byamagufwa ya periferique yatewe no gutera osteoporose, bikaviramo kwinjiza amagufwa, kurekura no gutakaza ibyatewe no gutsindwa. Kugirango ugabanye iki kibazo hamwe na titanium yatewe, ibyubatswe byubatswe byinjiye mumaso yabashakashatsi. Noneho, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko icapiro rya 3D rishobora guhindura microstructure yatewe hamwe nibisobanuro bihanitse kugirango bahindure modulus ya elastique hamwe nubukanishi, kugirango bihuze nuduce twamagufwa yumuntu kandi turusheho kunoza imikorere yibinyabuzima hashingiwe ku kwemeza imitwaro ikwiye ya physiologiya.

Imiterere yagenzuwe yumubiri wa Ti6AI4V yakozwe na EBM ikora ikoranabuhanga, kandi imiterere yubusa yimbere yasanze ihuje nigishushanyo mbonera cya scanning electron microscopi, cyageze kugenzura neza EBM kumiterere yibicuruzwa byacapwe 3D. Binyuze mu igeragezwa ryimikorere, imbaraga zijyanye no kwikuramo ni 163MPa naho modulus ya elastique ni 14MPa kuri 60.1% pore porosity, yegereye igufwa ryabantu. Muri vitro selile umuco nayo yerekanaga neza selile.

Scafolds yamashanyarazi yateguwe nubuhanga bwa EBM hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gukora ibipimo ngenderwaho, kandi hasuzumwe imiterere yubukanishi. Byagaragaye ko ibinyabuzima byakoreshwaga mu bikoresho byabugenewe byari bifite urwego rwo hejuru rwo hejuru mu kwigana icyiciro cyo guhuza no guhuza. Ubwoko butatu bwa titanium ifite 300gm, 600gm na 900 ~ tm byateguwe na SLM byatewe muri tibia y'urukwavu kugira ngo hakorwe iperereza ku ngaruka ziterwa na pore ku mikurire y'amagufwa. Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko igufwa ryamagufwa rifite imiterere ya 600 ~ m ifite uburebure bwiza na biocompatibilité.

Urebye imikurire yamagufa, scafold ifite porositike ihindagurika hamwe na aperture bizarushaho gufasha kwanduza no kwanduza intungamubiri mumubiri wumuntu, kandi birashobora kandi guteza imbere ubushobozi bwo gukura kwamagufwa, kongera guhuza ibimera hamwe nigitanda cyamagufwa, kandi bikongerera igihe cyubuvuzi bwiza kuruta titanium alloy. Mu myaka yashize, umwobo mwinshi wa titanium alloy intambwe ku yindi ifatwa nkigikoresho cyiza cyane cyamavuriro mashya akomeye yo gusana no gusimbuza ibikoresho, kandi ikoreshwa rya 3D ryanditseho titanium alloy yatewe hamwe na microscopique itandukanye cyangwa binyuze mumiterere nabyo byafunguye umurima mushya.