Imbonerahamwe Nshya yo Kugereranya Ibyuma Byuma

Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora inganda ku isi, ariko kubera ibipimo bitandukanye hamwe nuburyo bwo kwita amazina ibyuma bitagira umwanda mu bihugu no mu turere dutandukanye, usanga hari inzitizi zimwe na zimwe mu gusobanukirwa no gutumanaho. Mu rwego rwo gufasha ibigo n’abaguzi kumenya neza no guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye, JIEHUANG yakoze imbonerahamwe irambuye yo kugereranya mpuzamahanga yerekana amanota y’icyuma. Iyi mbonerahamwe igereranya ibipimo ngenderwaho mpuzamahanga (nk'uburinganire bwa GB mu Bushinwa, ASTM yo muri Amerika, Uburayi bwa EN hamwe na JIS yo mu Buyapani) kugira ngo byihute mu guhitamo no kugura ibikoresho by'ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Ibi ntibishobora kunoza neza imikorere yamasoko yambukiranya imipaka, ariko kandi birashobora gufasha kumenya neza niba guhitamo ibikoresho ari ukuri.

RFQ:

1.Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kurwanya ruswa ishobora kwangirika?

304 nicyuma rusange-cyuma kitagira umuyonga gikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibikoresho nibice bisaba imikorere myiza yuzuye (kurwanya ruswa no guhinduka). 301 ibyuma bidafite ingese byerekana imirimo igaragara iyo ikomye kandi ikoreshwa mubihe bitandukanye bisaba imbaraga zisumba izindi.

302 ibyuma bidafite ingese ni muburyo bwa 304 ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite karubone nyinshi, bishobora gukorwa kugirango bigire imbaraga nyinshi binyuze mukuzunguruka gukonje.

302B nicyuma kidafite ingese kirimo silikoni nyinshi kandi gifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. 303 na 303Se-gukata kubusa ibyuma bitagira umuyonga birimo sulfure na seleniyumu, bikoreshwa mugihe gikenera cyane cyane gukata kubusa no kurangiza hejuru. 303Se ibyuma bidafite ingese nabyo bikoreshwa mugukora ibice bisaba kubabaza bishyushye kuko mubihe nkibi, ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite imikorere ishyushye.

304L ni variant ya 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese hamwe na karubone yo hasi kandi ikoreshwa mugihe gisaba gusudira. Ibiri munsi ya karubone bigabanya imvura ya karbide mukarere katewe nubushyuhe hafi ya weld, kandi imvura ya karbide irashobora gutera kwangirika hagati yimitsi (isuri ya weld) yicyuma kitagira umwanda mubidukikije.

304N ni azote irimo ibyuma bitagira umwanda, kandi azote yongeweho kugirango yongere imbaraga zicyuma.

305 na 384 ibyuma bitagira umuyonga birimo nikel nyinshi kandi bifite igipimo cyo hasi cyakazi, bigatuma gikoreshwa mubihe bitandukanye hamwe nibisabwa cyane kugirango ubukonje bukonje.

308 ibyuma bidafite ingese bikoreshwa mugukora inkoni.

309, 310, 314 na 330 ibyuma bitagira umuyonga byose bifite nikel nyinshi hamwe na chromium murwego rwo kunoza imyuka ya okiside hamwe nimbaraga zibyuma byicyuma mubushyuhe bwinshi. 30S5 na 310S ni variant ya 309 na 310 ibyuma bitagira umwanda, itandukaniro gusa nuko bifite karubone nkeya kugirango hagabanuke imvura ya karibide hafi ya weld. 330 ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya karburizasi hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.

316 na 317 ibyuma bitagira umuyonga birimo aluminiyumu, bityo guhangana kwabo kwangirika kwangiza ibidukikije byo mu nyanja n’inganda ni byiza cyane kuruta ibyuma 304 bitagira umwanda. Muri byo, ibyuma 316 bidafite ingese bifite impinduka zirimo karuboni nkeya idafite ibyuma 316L, ibyuma bikomeye cyane bitagira umuyonga 316N birimo azote, hamwe n’icyuma gikata ibyuma 316F birimo sulfure nyinshi.

321, 347 na 348 ni ibyuma bidafite ingese bihujwe na titanium, niobium, tantalum na niobium, bikwiranye no gusudira bikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi. 348 nicyuma kidafite ingese kibereye inganda zikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi, kandi gifite imbogamizi zingana na tantalum na cobalt.

2. Kuki ibyuma bitagira umwanda nabyo ari magnetique?

Igisubizo: Abantu bakunze gutekereza ko magnesi zishobora gukurura ibyuma bitagira umwanda kugirango bigenzure ubuziranenge nukuri. Niba idakurura magnetisme, ifatwa nkibyiza kandi byukuri; niba ikurura magnetism, ifatwa nkimpimbano. Mubyukuri, ubu ni uburyo bumwe cyane, budasobanutse kandi butari bwo.

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibyuma bitagira umwanda, bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro byinshi ukurikije imiterere yubuyobozi mubushyuhe bwicyumba:

1. Austenite: nka 304, 321, 316, 310, nibindi.;

2. Martensite cyangwa ferrite: nka 430, 420, 410, nibindi.;

Austenite ntabwo ari magnetique cyangwa magnetique idakomeye, mugihe martensite cyangwa ferrite ni magnetique.

Ibyinshi mu byuma bidafite ingese bikoreshwa mu gushushanya amabati yo gushushanya ni ibikoresho bya austenitis 304, muri rusange ntabwo ari magnetique cyangwa magnetique. Nyamara, kubera ihindagurika ryimiterere yimiti cyangwa uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya buterwa no gushonga, magnetism nayo irashobora kubaho, ariko ibi ntibishobora gufatwa nkibihimbano cyangwa ibyangombwa. Impamvu ni iyihe?

Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, austenite ntabwo ari magnetique cyangwa magnetique idakomeye, mugihe martensite cyangwa ferrite ni magnetique. Bitewe no gutandukanya ibice cyangwa kuvura ubushyuhe budakwiye mugihe cyo gushonga, umubare muto wa martensite cyangwa ferrite bizaterwa nicyuma cya austenitis 304. Muri ubu buryo, ibyuma 304 bidafite ingese bizaba bifite magnetisme idakomeye.

Mubyongeyeho, nyuma yo gukora ubukonje, imiterere yubuyobozi bwa 304 ibyuma bitagira umwanda nabyo bizahinduka martensite. Ninini ihindagurika ryimikorere ikonje, niko guhinduka kwa martensite, hamwe na magnetisme yicyuma. Kurugero, icyiciro cyicyuma, mugihe gitanga Φ76, nta induction igaragara, kandi mugihe itanga Φ9.5. Induction ya magnetique iragaragara cyane kubera ubukonje bunini bukonje. Guhindura imiyoboro ya kare na urukiramende ni nini kuruta iy'umuringoti uzengurutse, cyane cyane imfuruka, kandi deformasiyo irakomeye kandi magnetism iragaragara.

Kurandura burundu magnetisme yicyuma 304 yatewe nimpamvu zavuzwe haruguru, uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burashobora gukoreshwa kugirango igarure imiterere ihamye ya austenite, bityo ikureho magnetism.

Twakagombye kwerekana byumwihariko ko magnetisme yicyuma 304 idafite ingese yatewe nimpamvu zavuzwe haruguru itandukanye rwose na magnetisme yibindi bikoresho nka 430 nicyuma cya karubone, ni ukuvuga ko magnetism yicyuma 304 ihora yerekana magnetisme idakomeye.

Ibi bitubwira ko niba ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite magnetisme idakomeye cyangwa nta magnetisme namba, bigomba gufatwa nkibikoresho 3-4 cyangwa 316; niba ari kimwe na magnetisme yicyuma cya karubone, yerekana magnetisme ikomeye, bityo rero bigasuzumwa ko atari ibintu 304.

Turasaba ko mugihe uguze ibicuruzwa bitagira umwanda, ugomba guhitamo ibicuruzwa mubakora ibicuruzwa bizwi, ntukifuze kubihendutse, kandi wirinde gushukwa.