Ubuyobozi Bwuzuye Kuri Ifu Yuma

Ibyuma byifu ni iki?

Ibisobanuro n'ibanze

Ibice by'ifu (PM) bikozwe mubyuma byiza cyane byifu ifunitse kandi ikayungurura kugirango igere kumiterere yayo yanyuma. Ibi bitandukanye cyane nibice byashizwemo, bitangira ubuzima bwabo nkibyuma bisukuye, cyangwa nibice byakozwe cyangwa byahimbwe, bitangira nkicyuma kibitse. Ifu yicyuma cyo gukora ituma bishoboka gukora ibice hamwe na geometrie igoye cyane. Mugihe ibice nkibi bishobora gukorwa binyuze muri casting cyangwa gutunganya, ibiciro byo gukora byiyongera cyane mugihe bigoye kuzamuka. Ibice bya PM, ariko, bikomeza kuba byiza-hamwe na geometrike igoye kandi birashobora gukora ibice bidashoboka guhimba ukoresheje ubundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose.

Urusobe cyangwa hafi ya Net Gukora

Iyindi nyungu yingenzi yibyuma byifu ni uko ari net cyangwa hafi ya net yo gukora ibintu bivamo imyanda mike. Aho gukuramo geometrie n'ibikoresho kugirango habeho igice, PM ntabwo isesagura icyuma icyo ari cyo cyose, bigatuma ikora neza kandi ikangiza ibidukikije. Kuberako PM ifatanije cyane ninganda zifashijwe na mudasobwa, ibice birashobora gushirwaho icyarimwe kugirango byorohereze uburemere, imbaraga, gukomera, no gukomera. Ibi nibyingenzi mubikorwa mubikorwa byindege, aho uburemere bugomba kugabanuka.

Ifu y'ibyuma byo gukora

Umusaruro w'ifu

Ibice bisanzwe bya PM bikozwe mubyiciro bitatu byibanze: kuvanga ifu yicyuma (pulverisation), guhuza bipfa, no gucumura ibicuruzwa. Intambwe yinyongera yo kuvura ubushyuhe irashobora gukenerwa nyuma yo gucumura kugirango ugere kubucucike bukwiye, ibipimo, hamwe nubuso burangiye.

Pulverisation na Sieving

Pulverisation hamwe no gushungura tegura ifu yicyuma kugirango ikoreshwe muri PM. Ifu irashobora gutandukana muburyo bwombi (bimwe byashizweho kugirango bibe). Ifu y'ibyuma irashobora kubyazwa umusaruro muburyo butandukanye, harimo gusya, kumenagura, kubika electrolytike, reaction ya chimique, na atomisation. Ingano n'imiterere y'ibice ni ibintu by'ingenzi mugihe dushushanya igice cyo gukora hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa PM.

Gupfa

Gupfa bipfa gukorwa hakoreshejwe urugero rwateganijwe mbere yubushyuhe bwicyumba. Ifu ikanda mu rupfu kugirango ikore ishusho yifuza.

Gucumura

Gucumura bikubiyemo gushyushya ifu yapanze ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru mu kirere cyagenzuwe. Ubu buryo buhuza ifu yifu hamwe, byongera imbaraga nubucucike bwibintu. Ubushyuhe bwa kabiri bukoreshwa kenshi mukuzamura imiterere yubukanishi hamwe nuburinganire bwuzuye.

Amavuta meza yambere

Inzira gakondo ya PM

Ibikorwa byinshi bya PM byakozwe kuva 1940, harimo guhimba ifu, gukanda isostatike ishyushye (HIP), gushiramo ibyuma (MIM), hamwe n’amashanyarazi afasha gucumura (ECAS).

Gukora ifu

Mu guhimba ifu, pre-form ikorwa hakoreshejwe imashini isanzwe nuburyo bwa sinter, ariko igice noneho gishyuha kandi gishyushye, bikavamo igice cyuzuye cyuzuye hamwe nibintu byakozwe.

Kanda Isostatike Ashyushye (HIP)

HIP ikubiyemo gushyira ifu mu cyuma gishobora guhita gifungwa kandi kigashyirwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko mu icapiro rishyushye. Iyi nzira itanga igice cyarangiye gifite imiterere nyayo n'ubucucike bwuzuye.

Gutera inshinge (MIM)

MIM ivanga ifu yicyuma ifatanye na pulasitike cyangwa ibishashara, ikora igice cyegeranye cyane cyatewe inshinge. Nyuma yo gutesha agaciro no gucumura, igice kigera ku bucucike bukabije na geometrike igoye.

Amashanyarazi agezweho afasha gucumura (ECAS)

ECAS ikoresha amashanyarazi kugirango yongere ubwinshi bwifu yifu, igabanya cyane cycle yumuriro ukenewe kugirango imbaraga nubucucike bwigice cyanyuma. Iyi nzira ikwiranye nuburyo bworoshye.

Gukora inyongera (AM)

Inganda ziyongera (AM), cyangwaicapiro rya 3D, ni uburyo bushya bwa PM. Yubaka ibice kumurongo ukoresheje lazeri ya laser cyangwa gushonga ifu yicyuma, itanga geometrike igoye cyane no kuyitunganya. AM ikoreshwa muri prototypes nibice bikora mubikorwa byindege, ubuvuzi, ninganda.

AM Uburyo

1. Gukora amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike (EBM): Koresha urumuri rwa elegitoronike kugirango usudire ifu yicyuma mu cyuho, wirinde okiside.
2. Icyuma Cyuma Cyuma Cyuma (DMLS): Koresha urumuri rwa laser mukirere cya argon kugirango uhindure ifu yicyuma, ukore ibice byuzuye neza.

Porogaramu ninyungu za Powder Metal

Inganda zikoreshwa

Inganda zo mu kirere

PM ikoreshwa mubintu byoroheje, imbaraga-nyinshi mu kirere. Ibigo nka Ishirahamwe ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'ububaji kabuhariwe mu buhanga bugezweho bwa PM kuri uru rwego.

Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga

Ibice bya PM bikoreshwa cyane muri moteri yimodoka, imiyoboro, hamwe nibikoresho, bitanga imbaraga zo guhangana nimbaraga. GKN Icapa Cyuma ni isoko ritanga isoko muriyi nganda.

Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga

PM nibyiza kubuvuzi hamwe na prostateque kubera biocompatibilité yayo. Ibigo nka Zimmer Biomet gukoresha PM kubikoresho byubuvuzi bufite ireme.

Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki

Muri elegitoroniki, PM ikora ibikoresho bya magneti, ibice byayobora, nibice bikora neza.Hitachi Powdered Metals Co, Ltd.. azwiho gukoresha udushya twa PM mubice bya elegitoroniki.

Ibyiza by'ifu y'ifu

Gukoresha ibikoresho

PM agabanya imyanda yibikoresho, bigatuma inzira ikora neza kandi irambye.

Geometrike igoye

PM yemerera gukora imiterere itoroshye igoye cyangwa idashoboka kugerwaho nuburyo busanzwe.

Ibintu bihoraho

Imiterere igenzurwa na PM itanga imiterere ihamye kandi iteganijwe, ingenzi kubikorwa-byo hejuru.

Ikiguzi-Cyiza

PM irahenze cyane kubyara umusaruro munini, itanga kuzigama cyane mubikoresho no gutunganya.

Inzitizi n'ibizaza

Ibibazo bya tekiniki

1. Kugenzura Ububabare: Gucunga no kugabanya ububobere kugirango wizere ubunyangamugayo nimbaraga zibicuruzwa byanyuma.
2. Guhuza Ibintu: Kugera kubintu bimwe bifatika mubice byose, cyane cyane muburyo bugoye.

Udushya hamwe n'ibizaza

1. Gukora inyongeramusaruro: Kwinjiza PM hamwe ninganda ziyongera kugirango zitange ibintu bigoye, ibice byabigenewe hamwe n imyanda mike.
2. Nanoparticle Porogaramu: Gukoresha nanoparticles muri PM kugirango uzamure ibintu bifatika kandi ushoboze porogaramu nshya.

Umwanzuro

Ifu ya metallurgieni tekinoroji yinganda zikora zitanga inyungu nyinshi, uhereye kumikorere yibikoresho kugeza kubushobozi bwo gukora imiterere igoye. Mugihe inganda zikomeje gusaba ibice bikora neza, ejo hazaza h'icyuma cya powder gisa nkicyizere, hamwe nudushya dukomeje kandi tunonosorwa. Abakora umwuga w'inganda barashishikarizwa gutekereza ku ifu ya metallurgie kubyo bakeneye mu gukora, bagakoresha inyungu zayo zidasanzwe kugirango bagere ku bisubizo byiza.

Reba

1. Urutonde rwuzuye rwamasoko, ingingo, nubushakashatsi kuri powder metallurgie yo gukomeza gusoma no gusobanukirwa birambuye.