Itandukaniro hagati yicyuma 316 na 316L

Intangiriro

Icyuma kitagira umwanda ni iki? Amavuta avanze arimo chromium irenga 12% cyangwa nikel irenga 8% nikel isanzwe yitwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda.

Ubu bwoko bw'ibyuma bufite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa mu kirere cyangwa itangazamakuru ryangirika kandi rifite imbaraga nyinshi ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru (> 450 ℃). Icyuma gifite chromium igizwe na 16% kugeza kuri 18% byitwa ibyuma birwanya aside cyangwa ibyuma birwanya aside kandi bitwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Iyo ibintu bya chromium biri mu byuma birenze 12%, igice cya firime ikungahaye kuri chromium ikungahaye vuba vuba bitewe nigikorwa cyamashanyarazi gihura nigitangazamakuru cya okiside kugirango kirinde imbere yicyuma kwangirika; ariko mubitangazamakuru bidafite okiside byangiza, biracyagoye gukora firime ikomeye. Kunoza kwangirika kwibyuma, igipimo cya chromium mubusanzwe cyiyongera, cyangwa ibintu bivangavanze bishobora guteza passivation byongeweho, nka Ni, Mo, Mn, Cu, Nb, Ti, W, Co, nibindi.

Ibi bintu ntabwo bitezimbere gusa kwangirika kwibyuma ahubwo binanahindura imiterere yimbere nimiterere yumubiri nubukanishi bwibyuma. Ibirimo bitandukanye muribi bintu bivanze mubyuma bigira ingaruka zitandukanye kumiterere yicyuma kitagira umwanda.

Bimwe ni magnetique, bimwe ntabwo ari magnetique, bimwe birashobora kuvurwa nubushyuhe, kandi bimwe ntibishobora kuvurwa nubushyuhe. Bitewe n'ibintu byavuzwe haruguru biranga ibyuma bitagira umwanda, biragenda bikoreshwa cyane mu ndege, mu kirere, mu miti, muri peteroli, ubwubatsi, ibiribwa ndetse no mu zindi nganda n'ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Ibintu bivanze birimo birimo bigira uruhare runini kuri mashini, ndetse bimwe biragoye kubicamo.

Kugira ngo ufashe abasomyi kumva neza no guhitamo ibikoresho bibakorera, iyi ngingo izajya irambura byinshi ku itandukaniro riri hagati ya 316 na 316L ibyuma bitagira umwanda. 316 nicyuma gike-karubone idafite ibyuma hamwe nicyiciro cyimbere mu gihugu 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, mugihe 316L nicyuma cyitwa ultra-low-carbone kitagira ibyuma hamwe nicyiciro cyo murugo 00Cr17Ni14Mo2. Biragaragara ko mugihe 316L irwanya ruswa, 316 ifite imiterere yubukanishi.

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya 316 na 316L ibyuma bidafite ingese nibi bikurikira:

Ibyuma bitagira umwanda 316 na 316L nibyo birimo molybdenum. 316L ibyuma bitagira umuyonga birimo molybdenum nkeya kurenza 316 ibyuma. Ugereranije nicyuma kitagira umwanda 310 na 304, iki cyuma gikora neza muri rusange kubera molybdenum irimo. Iyo aside ya sulfurike iri hagati ya 15% na 85% mubushyuhe bwinshi, ibyuma 316 bidafite ingese birashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye. Ibice byo mu nyanja bikunze gukoresha ibyuma 316 bidafite ingese kubera kurwanya imbaraga za chlorine.

Iyo hakenewe cyane kurwanya ruswa hamwe na annealing nyuma yo gusudira bikenewe, ibyuma 316L bidafite ingese, bifite karubone ntarengwa ya 0,03%, birashobora gukoreshwa.

316 VS 316L Ibigize imiti (igice kinini,%)

Kurwanya ruswa:

Muburyo bwo gukora impapuro nimpapuro, ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, iruta 304 ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Byongeye kandi, kwangirika kwangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije hamwe n’ibidukikije byo mu nyanja ntibishobora kwangiza 316 ibyuma bitagira umwanda.

Kurwanya ubushyuhe:

316 ibyuma bidafite ingese birwanya okiside neza iyo ikoreshejwe ubudahwema munsi ya dogere 1700 kandi mugihe kiri munsi ya dogere 1600. 316 ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ubushyuhe iyo bikoreshejwe buri gihe hanze yubushyuhe bwa dogere 800-1575, nubwo ari byiza kutabikoresha murwego rwumunsi. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burakwiriye kuri 316L ibyuma bitagira umwanda, birwanya cyane imvura ya karbide kuruta 316 ibyuma bitagira umwanda.

Kuvura ubushyuhe:

Anneal hagati ya dogere 1850 na 2050, hanyuma ushire vuba mbere yo gukonja vuba. Ubushyuhe bukabije ntibukomera 316 ibyuma.

Gusudira:

316 ibyuma bidafite ingese bikora neza mugihe cyo gusudira. Tekiniki zose zisanzwe zo gusudira zirashobora gukoreshwa mukubisudira. Ukurikije ibyasabwe, electrode yicyuma cyangwa ibyuma byuzuza bikozwe muri 316Cb, 316L, cyangwa 309Cb birashobora gukoreshwa mugusudira. Nyuma yo gusudira, igice cya 316 kitagira umuyonga kigomba gushyirwaho kugirango kibone urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurwanya ruswa. Annealing ya post-weld ntabwo ikenewe mugihe ukoresheje 316L ibyuma bitagira umwanda.

Imikoreshereze isanzwe:

316 na 316L Ibyuma bitagira umwanda na 304

Icyuma gisanzwe kitagira umwanda gikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho nibice bigomba kugira imico myiza muri rusange (nko kurwanya ruswa no guhinduka) ni 304.

Kubijyanye no kurwanya ruswa, 304 na 316 ibyuma bidafite ingese ntibishobora gutandukana, nubwo hariho itangazamakuru ryihariye.

Mubihe bimwe, 304, ibyuma byambere bidafite ingese byakozwe, birashobora kwangirika. Iyongera rya 2-3% ya molybdenum irashobora kugabanya ubwo bwiyumvo, bikavamo 316. Iyi molybdenum yinyongera irashobora kandi kugabanya ruswa ishobora guterwa na acide zimwe na zimwe zishyushye.

Mu bucuruzi bwibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, ibyuma 316 bidafite ingese ni ibikoresho bisanzwe. 316 ibyuma bidafite ingese birahenze kuruta 304 ibyuma bitagira umwanda kubera ubuke bwisi yose ya molybdenum hamwe nubwiyongere bwa nikel burimo 316 ibyuma.

Kubera kubura ogisijeni hamwe nubushobozi buke bwo gukora urwego rukingira oxyde ya chromium, kwangirika kwatewe ahanini no kwangirika kwangirika hejuru yicyuma kitagira umwanda.

Gutobora ruswa ni gake, cyane cyane mubibaya bito, kuko hari amahirwe make yo kubitsa kuri plaque.

304 na 316 ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite hafi yo kurwanya ruswa mubitangazamakuru bitandukanye byamazi (amazi yo kunywa, amazi yatoboye, amazi yinzuzi, amazi abira, amazi yinyanja, nibindi); icyakora, 316 ibyuma bidafite ingese birakwiriye niba igikoresho kirimo urugero rwinshi rwa chloride ion.

Nubwo kurwanya ruswa ya 304 na 316 ibyuma bidafite ingese akenshi usanga bidatandukanye cyane, rimwe na rimwe hashobora kubaho itandukaniro rikomeye risaba ko hakorwa iperereza ryinshi. Kubera ko bazahitamo imiyoboro nibikoresho bya kontineri bishingiye kubiciriritse, abakoresha valve bagomba kuba bafite igitekerezo gisobanutse. Ntabwo tugira inama abakoresha kubikoresho byose.

Ibigize imiti (304,304L, 316.316L)

Ibikoresho bya mashini (304,304L, 316.316L)

Intangiriro kubindi byuma bidafite umwanda

304 nicyuma-rusange-ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibikoresho nibice bisaba ibintu byiza byuzuye (kurwanya ruswa no guhinduka).

301 ibyuma bidafite ingese byerekana imirimo igaragara iyo ihinduwe kandi ikoreshwa mubihe bitandukanye bisaba imbaraga zisumba izindi.

302 ibyuma bidafite ingese ni muburyo bwa 304 ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite karubone nyinshi, bishobora gukorwa kugirango bigire imbaraga nyinshi binyuze mukuzunguruka gukonje.

302B nicyuma kidafite ingese kirimo silikoni nyinshi, ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya okiside yubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

303 na 30. 303Se ibyuma bidafite ingese nabyo bikoreshwa mugukora ibice bisaba kubabaza bishyushye kuko bifite imikorere ishyushye mubihe nkibi.

304L ni variant ya 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese hamwe na karubone yo hasi, ikoreshwa ahantu hasabwa gusudira. Ibiri munsi ya karubone bigabanya imvura ya karbide muri zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe hafi ya weld, ishobora gutera kwangirika kwimiterere (isuri ya weld) yicyuma kitagira umwanda mubidukikije.

305 na 384 ibyuma bitagira umuyonga birimo nikel nyinshi hamwe nigipimo gito cyo gukomera kandi birakwiriye mubihe bitandukanye bifite ibisabwa byinshi kugirango ubukonje bukonje.

308 ibyuma bidafite ingese bikoreshwa mugukora inkoni.

309, 310, 314 na 330 ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite nikel nyinshi hamwe na chromium murwego rwo hejuru kugirango irusheho kurwanya okiside hamwe nimbaraga zibyuma byubushyuhe bwinshi. 30S5 na 310S ni variant ya 309 na 310 ibyuma bitagira umwanda, itandukaniro gusa nuko ibirimo karubone biri hasi kugirango hagabanuke karbide yaguye hafi ya weld. 330 ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya karburizasi hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.

316 na 317 ibyuma bitagira umuyonga birimo aluminiyumu, bityo rero kurwanya kwangirika kwangirika kwangiza ibidukikije byo mu nyanja n’inganda ni byiza cyane kuruta ibyuma 304 bitagira umwanda. Muri byo, ibyuma 316 bidafite ingese bifite variants zirimo karuboni nkeya ya karuboni 316L, hamwe nicyuma gikomeye cyane kitarimo azote.

316N hamwe no gukata kubusa ibyuma 316F bifite sulfure nyinshi.

321, 347, na 348 ni ibyuma bidafite ingese bikomeza hamwe na titanium, niobium, na tantalum, kandi bikwiranye no gusudira bikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi. 348 nicyuma kitagira ingese kibereye inganda za nucleaire kandi gifite imbogamizi zingana na tantalum na cobalt.

Mugihe uhisemo, ugomba gutekereza kubintu nkibisabwa byihariye bisabwa, ibidukikije, hamwe ningengo yimari.