Icyuma cy'ifu

Ibyingenzi

• Ifu y'ifu ikorwa hifashishijwe tekinoroji igezweho nka atomisiyonike, kugabanya, hamwe no gukanika imashini, byemerera imitungo hamwe nibisabwa.
• Gukora ifu y'ifu ikora neza cyane, kugabanya imyanda no kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro kugeza 70%, bigatuma aguhitamo nezaku nganda.
• Ifu yifu ihindagurika ituma ikoreshwa muriinzego zitandukanye, harimo ibinyabiziga, icyogajuru, nubuvuzi, aho bitanga ibintu biramba, biremereye, kandi byuzuye.

Nigute icyuma cyifu cyakozwe?

Gukora ifuikubiyemo tekinike nyinshi zateye imbere zagenewe kugera kubintu byihariye na porogaramu. Reka dusuzume uburyo bwingenzi bukoreshwa muriki gikorwa.

Atomisation

Atomisiyoneri ni bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo gukora ifu y'ifu. Itangirana no gushonga ibyuma bisakaye, hanyuma bigasukwa mu ndege ya gaze cyangwa amazi. Iki gikorwa gisenya icyuma gishongeshejwe mubitonyanga bito bikomera mbere yuko bihuza.

Hariho uburyo bubiri bwibanze bwa atomisiyasi: gaze na gaz atomisiyasi. Gazi atomisiyo ituma icyuma gishongeshejwe kiguma mumazi maremare, bigatuma habaho uduce duto duto. Ubu buryo butanga ifu ifite umuvuduko mwiza kandi mwinshi. Kurundi ruhande, atomisiyasi yamazi ikonjesha vuba ibitonyanga, bikavamo uduce duto duto kuburyo budasanzwe bitewe nuburyo bwihuse bwo gukomera. Buri buryo butanga inyungu zidasanzwe bitewe nuburyo bwifuzwa bwicyuma cyifu.

Kugabanya na Electrolysis

Kugabanuka bikubiyemo imiti ikuramo ibyuma mu bucukuzi bwayo. Amabuye y'agaciro yajanjaguwe, avangwa na karubone, ashyushya mu itanura. Ubu buryo bugabanya urugero rwa ogisijeni na karubone, hasigara icyuma kimeze nka sponge. Kugabanuka gukomeye-gukurikiza inzira isa, aho ivangwa rya karubone-karubone inyura mu itanura, ikabyara icyuma cya sponge hamwe n’umwanda ugabanutse.

Electrolysis nubundi buryo butuma habaho isuku ryinshi. Ukoresheje tekinoroji ya electrodeposition igenzurwa, iyi nzira ikora ifu yicyuma cyoroshye kandi cyiza kubisabwa bisaba ubuziranenge budasanzwe.

Gukoresha imashini

Gukoresha imashini ihuza ibyuma bitandukanye mu ifu imwe. Iyi nzira ikoresha urusyo rwumupira mwinshi kugirango ivunike inshuro nyinshi hamwe no gusudira ibyuma hamwe. Igihe kirenze, ibyuma bivanga kurwego rwa microscopique, bikora umusemburo umwe. Ubu buryo ni ingirakamaro cyane mugukora imbaraga zongerewe imbaraga hamwe nigihe kirekire.

Gukora no Kwiyongera

Gucumura bigira uruhare runini mugushiraho no gushimangiraifu y'ibicuruzwa. Muri iki gikorwa, icyatsi kibisi (ifu ikanda ifu) irashyuha kugirango ihuze ibice. Iyi ntambwe ikuraho amavuta, ikongera ubucucike, kandi ikongera imiterere yubukanishi nkimbaraga no gukomera. Mugihe ingano ya pore igabanuka, ibikoresho bigera kubucucike bwifuzwa.

Inganda ziyongera, cyangwaIcapiro rya 3D, ikoresha ifu yifu kugirango ikore imiterere igoye kurwego. Ubu buhanga bushya butuma habaho kugena neza no kugabanya imyanda, bigatuma ihitamo cyane mu nganda nko mu kirere n’ubuvuzi.

Ifu yicyuma ikomatanya siyanse nubuhanga kugirango itange ibikoresho bitandukanye mubikorwa bigezweho. Gusobanukirwa izi nzira byerekana ubuhanga bwihishe inyuma yicyuma cyifu nubushobozi bwacyo bwo guhindura.

Ubwoko nimiterere yibyuma byifu

Ubwoko busanzwe bwifu

Ifu yifu ije muburyo butandukanye, buri kimwe gikwiranye nibisabwa byihariye. Dore bimwe mubikoreshwa cyane:

• Icyuma: Azwiho imbaraga, kuramba, no gukoresha neza ibiciro, ibi bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byimodoka nubwubatsi.
• Ibyuma: Tanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ruswa, bigatuma biba ibikoresho byubuvuzi nibikoresho byo gutunganya ibiryo.
• Aluminium: Ibiremereye kandi birwanya ruswa, biratunganijwe mubyogajuru nibigize ibinyabiziga.
• Umuringa: Yahawe agaciro kumashanyarazi yayo, ikoreshwa muburyo bwa elegitoroniki no mu nsinga.
• Nickel: Azwiho kurwanya ubushyuhe, ikoreshwa kenshi mubushyuhe bwo hejuru nka turbine.
• Titanium: Ihuza imbaraga hamwe nuburemere bworoshye, bigatuma biba ngombwa mubyogajuru no gutera imiti.
• Tungsten na Tungsten Carbide: Ibi bikoresho birakomeye bidasanzwe kandi birwanya kwambara, nibyiza byo gukata ibikoresho nibikoresho byubucukuzi.

Buri bwoko bwibyuma byifu bitanga inyungu zidasanzwe, zemerera ababikora guhitamo ibikoresho byiza kubyo bakeneye.

Ibintu byingenzi byingenzi byifu

Ifu yifu ifite ibintu byinshi byingenzi bituma iba ingenzi mubikorwa byinganda:

• Imbaraga no Kuramba: Ibyuma byinshi byifu, nka puderi ishingiye kumyuma, bitanga imbaraga nyinshi kandi bikarwanya. Ibi bituma bakenera ibidukikije.
• Kurwanya ruswa na Oxidation: Ibikoresho nkibyuma bidafite ingese na titanium birwanya ruswa na okiside, byemeza imikorere irambye.
• Amashanyarazi: Ubushyuhe bwumuriro wibyuma byifu buratandukanye bitewe nibigize. Kurugero, ingero zikanda akenshi zigaragaza ubushyuhe bwumuriro mwinshi, ningirakamaro mugucunga ubushyuhe mubikorwa.
• Ibyiza bya Magnetique: Ifu ishingiye ku byuma yerekana ibintu biranga magnetique, bigatuma biba byiza mumashanyarazi na magneti.
• Guhinduka mubikorwa: Ifu y'ifu irashobora guhindurwa kugirango ikore imiterere n'ibishushanyo bigoye, bitanga impinduka zitandukanye mubikorwa bitandukanye.

Iyi miterere iragaragaza byinshi hamwe nubushobozi bwibyuma byifu mubikorwa bya kijyambere. Gusobanukirwa icyuma cyifu nibiranga bidufasha gushima uruhare rwayo mugushakisha ibisubizo bishya.

Inyungu nogukoresha ibyuma byifu

Inyungu z'icyuma cy'ifu

Ifu y'ifu itanga ibyiza byinshi bituma ihitamo mubikorwa bya kijyambere.

1. Ikiguzi-cyiza:.ifu yicyumakugabanya imyanda ukoresheje kugeza 97% byibikoresho byatangiye. Iyi mikorere igabanya ibiciro byumusaruro kugera kuri 70%. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo gukora ishusho-hafi ya net bivanaho gukenera imashini nini, bikagabanya amafaranga yakoreshejwe.
2. Guhitamo: Ababikora barashobora kugenzura neza ibihimbano hamwe nibice bitunganijwe. Ihinduka ryemerera kurema ibice bifite imiterere yubukanishi yihariye ikoreshwa na porogaramu zidasanzwe.
3. Kurengera ibidukikije: Ifu yicyuma ikora ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Ifu idakoreshwa irashobora gutunganywa mugihe cyakurikiyeho, kugabanya imyanda yibintu no guhumana kwikirere.
4. Ubusobanuro bwuzuye: Inzira itanga ibice bigoye hamwe no kwihanganira ibintu byiza. Ubu bushobozi butuma nyuma yo gutunganywa kandi bikongera imikorere muri rusange.

Izi nyungu zigaragaza impamvu icyuma cyifu ari umukino uhindura umukino mu nganda zisaba imikorere myiza kandi ikora neza.

Gusaba mubikorwa bitandukanye

Ifu y'ifu ifite uruhare runini mu nganda nyinshi, bitewe nuburyo bwinshi n'imiterere yihariye.

• Imodoka: Ibigize nka gare, plaque clutch, camshafts, nimpeta ya piston bikunze gukorwa hakoreshejwe icyuma cyifu. Ibice bito byimodoka, nkibiri mu byuma byifashishwa, nabyo bishingiye kuri tekinoroji.
• Ikirere: Moteri yindege hamwe nibice bya turbine byunguka imbaraga zicyuma nifu yubushyuhe.
• Ubuvuzi.
• Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki: Umuringa nibindi byuma bifata ifu ningirakamaro mugukaraba amashanyarazi, insinga, hamwe nu muhuza.
• Ibikoresho byo mu nganda: Gusya ibiziga, gushungura, hamwe nibikoresho byo gushakisha amavuta bifashisha icyuma cyifu kugirango kirambe kandi cyambarwa.

Ubushobozi bwo gukora geometrike igoye hamwe nibice bikora cyane bituma ifu yifu yingirakamaro muriyi mirenge. Porogaramu zayo zerekana uburyo gusobanukirwa icyuma cyifu gishobora kuganisha kubisubizo bishya mubikorwa.

Ifu y'ifu yerekana ibuye rikomeza imfuruka yinganda zigezweho. Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, nka atomisation nagucumura, gushoboza kurema ibikoresho bitandukanye bigenewe porogaramu zihariye. Kuva ibice byimodoka biramba kugeza ibice byindege byoroheje, ibyuma byifu bikomeje gusobanura ibishoboka byinganda.

Udushya dushya dusezeranya ndetse gutera imbere kurushaho. Urugero:

Byongeye kandi:

• Kwiyongera gukenewe kubintu byoroshye bya magnetiki mubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byerekana akamaro kayo.
• Gukora ibyuma byongeweho ubu biremerera ibishushanyo bigoye no kugabanya imyanda, gufungura uburyo bushya bwo gushushanya.

Uruhare rwicyuma rwuruhare mu gukora inyongeramusaruro narwo rugenda rwiyongera. Mu kirere, ishyigikira ibishushanyo byoroheje. Mu kwirwanaho, byongera ubushobozi bwo gukora. Mubuvuzi, ituma geometrike igoye mugihe igabanya imyanda.

Gusobanukirwa icyuma cyifu cyerekana ubushobozi bwacyo bwo guhindura. Guhuza n'imihindagurikire yacyo no gukora neza byemeza ko bizakomeza kuba ingenzi mu gutegura ejo hazaza h'inganda.

Ibibazo

Ni izihe nganda zunguka cyane icyuma cy'ifu?

Ifu y'ifu ifasha inganda nk'imodoka, icyogajuru, ubuvuzi, na elegitoroniki. Ubwinshi bwarwo butuma habaho gukora igihe kirekire, cyoroheje, kandi cyuzuye kijyanye nibikenewe byihariye.

Nigute icyuma cyifu kigabanya imyanda yo gukora?

Ifu y'ifu igabanya imyanda ukoresheje ibikoresho hafi ya byose. Kongera gukoresha ifu idakoreshwa no gukora hafi-net ishusho ikuraho ibintu birenze kandi bigabanya ingaruka kubidukikije.

Ifu y'ifu irashobora gusimbuza uburyo gakondo bwo gukora?

Ifu y'ifu yuzuza uburyo gakondo. Nibyiza cyane kubyara imiterere igoye, kugabanya imyanda, no kuzamura ibintu bifatika, ariko ntishobora gusimbuza byimazeyo tekiniki zisanzwe mubisabwa byose.