1. Ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwegiya

Amagiya angahlukaniswa ngobubanzi abe izigaba ezimbili: iringi yezinyo kanye nomzimba wesondo, ngaphandle kwamafomu awo ahlukahlukene nobukhulu obubangelwa izinjongo zawo eziningi zemishini. Izigaba ezilandelayo zihlanganisa amagiya angama-cylindrical ajwayelekile: igiya lediski, igiya lomkhono, igiya langaphakathi, igiya le-shaft, igiya lomkhakha, kanye nerack. Igiya lediski liwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwawo.

Iringi noma izindandatho zingase zibe khona egiyeni eliyicylindrical. Igiya elivamile lendandatho eyodwa likhiqizwa kalula; noma kunjalo, ihlombe livame ukuthinta indandatho yezinyo elincane lamagiya aphindwe kabili noma kathathu, likhawulela amasu okukhiqiza angasetshenziswa.

2. Izidingo zokunemba zamagiya angama-cylindrical

 Ukunemba kokukhiqizwa kwegiya ngokwalo kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kokusebenza, ukuthwala umthamo kanye nempilo yesevisi yawo wonke umshini. Ngokwemibandela yokusetshenziswa kwegiya, lezi zidingo ezilandelayo zibekwe phambili ukuze kudluliswe igiya:

(1) Ukunemba kokunyakaza - kuyadingeka ukuthi igiya likwazi ukudlulisa ngokunembile ukunyakaza, futhi isilinganiso sokudlulisela sihlala njalo, okungukuthi, iphutha le-Angle legiya ekujikelezweni alidluli uhla oluthile.

(2) Ubushelelezi bomsebenzi - ukunyakaza kokudluliswa kwegiya kuyadingeka ukuze kube bushelelezi, futhi umthelela, ukudlidliza nomsindo kuncane. Lokhu kudinga ukukhawulela ushintsho esilinganisweni sesivinini esisheshayo lapho igiya liphenduka libe lincane, okungukuthi, ukukhawulela iphutha le-Engeli ngesikhathi esifushane.

(3) Ukunemba kokuxhumana - Uma igiya lidlulisa amandla, ukuze ungenzi ukucindezeleka kokuxhumana kube kukhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokusabalalisa okungalingani komthwalo, okubangela ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezinyo, okudinga ukuthi ukuthintana kwendawo yezinyo kufanele kufane lapho igiya lisebenza, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi kukhona indawo ethile yokuxhumana futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zendawo yokuxhumana.

(4) Ukususwa kohlangothi lwezinyo - Uma igiya lidingeka ukuthi lishayelwe, kunegebe elithile phakathi kwendawo yamazinyo engasebenzi ukuze kugcinwe uwoyela wokugcoba futhi kunxeshezelwe izinguquko ezinobukhulu obubangelwa izinga lokushisa nokunwebeka nokunwebeka kanye namaphutha athile ekucutshungulweni nasekuhlanganisweni.

3. Izinto zegiya

Izinto zokusebenza kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nezimo zokusebenza ezifanele. Ukusebenza komshini nempilo yesevisi yamagiya kuthintwa ngokuqondile ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

• • Ukukhethwa kwegiya okujwayelekile kwezinsimbi ze-carbon alloy steels eziphansi nezimaphakathi, ezifana ne-20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMnTi, njll., nezinsimbi zekhabhoni ezimaphakathi, njengensimbi engama-45.
• • Insimbi engu-38CrMoAlA nitride iyinto efanelekile yamagiya abalulekile anezidingo eziphezulu. Ezinye izinto ezingase zisetshenziselwe amagiya angewona amandla afaka insimbi ekhonjiwe, i-plywood, nenayiloni.

4. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamagiya

Ekucutshungulweni kwegiya, izinqubo ezimbili zokwelashwa kokushisa zihlelwa ngokwezinjongo ezihlukene:

I-1) Ukwelashwa kokushisa okungenalutho: hlela ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokushisa okujwayelekile noma ukuthulisa ngaphambi nangemva kokucubungula okungenalutho kwezinyo, inhloso eyinhloko ukuqeda ukucindezeleka okusala okubangelwa ukukhwabanisa nokubi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinto kanye nokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezibanzi zemishini.

I-2) Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwezinyo: Ngemuva kokucubungula isimo sezinyo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni nokumelana nokugqoka kwendawo yamazinyo, ukuqina kwe-carburizing, ukuqina kokushisa kwe-high-frequency induction, i-carbonitriding kanye nezinqubo zokushisa ze-nitriding zivame ukwenziwa.

5. Igiya elingenalutho

Impahla yebha, ukubumba, nokusakazwa kwenza iningi lefomu elingenalutho legiya. Izinto zebha zisetshenziselwa amagiya anobubanzi obuncane anokwakhiwa okuqondile kanye nezidingo zamandla amancane. Amagiya anobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-400–600 mm avame ukuba yizikhala ezingenalutho, kodwa amagiya emisebenzi eminingi nawo avamile lapho igiya lidinga amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa, kanye nokumelana nomthelela. Ngamagiya amakhulu naphansi anembayo, amazinyo egiya angaphonswa ngokuqondile ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhanda imishini; kumagiya amancane namile ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, izinqubo ezintsha ezifana ne-powder metallurgy, ukuginqika okushisayo, ukuphuma okubandayo, ukucindezela, ukusakaza okunembayo, nokusakazwa okunembayo kungasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izinyosi zamazinyo ngamazinyo egiya, ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza kwabasebenzi kanye nokulondoloza izinto zokusetshenziswa.

Ukukhethwa kwe-machining scheme yezinyo elingenalutho

Okwegiya le-shaft kanye negiya lomkhono, inqubo yokucubungula ifana ngokuyisisekelo negiya elijwayelekile le-shaft ne-sleeve, inqubo yokucubungula igiya le-disc kuxoxwa ngayo kakhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe bokucutshungulwa kwezinyo elingenalutho ikakhulukazi kuncike ekwakhekeni komzimba wegiya kanye nohlobo lokukhiqiza.

(1) Inani elikhulu lokukhiqizwa ngobuningi kokucubungula okungenalutho kwamazinyo

Uma kucutshungulwa inombolo enkulu yezinyosi ezinosayizi ophakathi, uhlelo lwenqubo "yokubhoboza imoto eyodwa yamathuluzi" isetshenziswa:

1) Ukubhoboza noma ukulungisa kabusha indilinga yangaphandle engenalutho kanye nokuma kobuso ekugcineni;

2) I-Lacon;

3) Isiyingi esingaphandle, ubuso bokuphela, ukugoba kanye ne-chamfering yemoto yokuqedela emahhadla ku-multi-tool semi-automatic lathe ibekwe enezimbobo.

Lolu hlelo lwenqubo lungakhiwa umugqa wokuhlanganisa noma umugqa ozenzakalelayo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi omshini asebenzayo, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphezulu.

Uhlelo lwenqubo “lokudonsa imoto” luvame ukusetshenziswa ekucubunguleni amabhilidi amazinyo akhiqizwa ngamaqoqo.

1) Endingilizini yangaphandle ye-billet yezinyo noma ukubekwa kwesondo, indilinga yangaphandle ephendukayo, ubuso bokuphela, kanye nembobo yangaphakathi; 2) Sekela imbobo ye-spline noma imbobo yokudonsa usebenzisa ubuso bokuphela; 3) Ukuqondanisa indilinga yangaphandle yemoto enhle kanye nobuso bokugcina obunezimbobo.

Lesi sixazululo singatholakala ngama-lathes avundlile noma ama-turret lathes kanye nemishini yokubhoboza. Ibonakala ngekhwalithi yokucubungula ezinzile kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Uma imbobo yezinyo engenalutho inezitebhisi noma ubuso bokuphela bunemifantu, bungakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele amathuluzi amaningi ku-turret lathe ukwenza imishini yeziteshi eziningi, futhi iqedele umshini wezinyo ongenalutho ku-turret lathe ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Indlela yokucubungula izinyo legiya

I-tooth shape machining yeringi yegiya iwumgogodla wawo wonke amagiya machining. Ziningi izinqubo ekucutshungulweni kwegiya, okungezesimo senkonzo yokucubungula igiya, inhloso ukuthi ekugcineni uthole igiya elihlangabezana nezidingo zokunemba.
Ngokusho kwesimiso somshini, isimo sezinyo singahlukaniswa ngendlela yokwakha kanye nendlela yokuthuthukisa. Indlela yokubumba iyindlela yokusika ingaphezulu lezinyo ngethuluzi lokubumba elihambisana nokuma kwesikhala sezinyo segiya elizosikwa, njengokugaya amazinyo, ukudonsa amazinyo nokwakha amazinyo agayayo. Indlela ethuthukayo iyindlela yokusika indawo yezinyo ngokobudlelwano be-meshing phakathi kwethuluzi legiya kanye nendawo yokusebenza, njengokuhombisa, ukubumba igiya, ukushefa, ukugaya nokucija.
Ukukhethwa kwesikimu somshini wokwakheka kwezinyo ikakhulukazi kuncike ebangeni lokunemba, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo, uhlobo lokukhiqiza nezimo zokukhiqiza zegiya. Kumagiya anamabanga ahlukene anemba, isikimu somshini wokwakheka kwezinyo simi kanje:

1) Igiya elinokunemba kwebanga lesi-8. I-hobbing yegiya noma i-gear shaper ingahlangabezana nezidingo. Ukuze igiya eliqinile lingasetshenziswa: roll (faka) izinyo - izinyo ekupheleni machining - quenching - ukulungisa imbobo processing scheme. Kodwa ukunemba kwemishini yokuma kwezinyo kufanele kuthuthukiswe ngaphambi kokucisha.
2) 6-7 igiya ngokunemba. Kumagiya aqinile angasetshenziswa: ukubhoboza okungalungile - ukuhombisa kahle - ukukhanda izinyo - ukushefa kahle - ukucisha indawo - ukulinganisa i-datum - ukucija igiya.
3) Igiya elinembayo yebanga lesi-5 noma ngaphezulu. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa: hobbing rough - hobbing fine - amazinyo ekupheleni machining - ukucisha - calibration datum - ukugaya rough - ukugaya kahle. Ukugaya kuyindlela yomshini enokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nenani elincane kakhulu lokushosheka kwamazinyo ekwakhiweni kwephrofayili yamazinyo njengamanje, futhi ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kungafinyelela amazinga angama-3-4.

Izixhumanisi zensiza ehlobene

Amagiya e-powder metallurgy

Inqubo yokubumba umjovo wensimbi

Inqubo ye-powder metallurgy