1. Ukwakhiwa kunye nomsebenzi wesixhobo

Iigiya zinokuhlelwa ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iringi yezinyo kunye nomzimba wevili, nangona iifom zazo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu obuvela kwiinjongo zabo zoomatshini. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo ziquka iigiya ze-cylindrical eziqhelekileyo: i-disk gear, i-sleeve gear, i-internal gear, i-shaft gear, i-gear sector, kunye ne-rack. Isixhobo seDiski lolona hlobo lusetyenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwabo.

Iringi okanye imisesane ingabakho kwigiya yesilinda. Isixhobo esiqhelekileyo se-single-ring senziwa ngokulula; nangona kunjalo, igxalaba lihlala lichaphazela ikhonkco lamazinyo elincinci leegiya ezimbini okanye ezintathu, lithintela ubuchule bokuvelisa obunokuthi busetyenziswe.

2. Iimfuno ezichanekileyo ze-cylindrical gear

Ukuchaneka kokuveliswa kwegiya ngokwayo kunempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kokusebenza, ukuthwala umthamo kunye nobomi benkonzo yomatshini wonke. Ngokweemeko zokusetyenziswa kwegiya, ezi mfuno zilandelayo zibekwe phambili ukuhanjiswa kwegiya:

(1) Ukuchaneka kweMotion - kuyafuneka ukuba i-gear inokuhambisa ngokuchanekileyo isindululo, kwaye umlinganiselo wokuhanjiswa usoloko, oko kukuthi, impazamo ye-Angle yegiya kwi-revolution ayidluli uluhlu oluthile.

(2) I-Smoothness yomsebenzi - intshukumo yokuhambisa i-gear iyadingeka ukuba ihambe kakuhle, kwaye impembelelo, i-vibration kunye nengxolo incinci. Oku kufuna ukunciphisa utshintsho kumlinganiselo wesantya esikhawulezileyo xa igiya ijikeleza ibe yincinci, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa impazamo yeAngle ngexesha elifutshane.

(4) Ukucocwa kwecala lezinyo - Xa i-gear ifuneka ukuba iqhutywe, kukho umsantsa othile phakathi kwendawo yezinyo engasebenziyo yokugcina ioli yokuthambisa kunye nokuhlawulela utshintsho lwe-dimensional olubangelwa ubushushu kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-elastic kunye nezinye iimpazamo ekuqhubeni nasekuhlanganiseni.

3. Izinto zegiya

Izixhobo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokuhambelana neemeko zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo. Ukusebenza komatshini kunye nobomi benkonzo yezixhobo zichaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo kukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo.

• Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo ngokubanzi kwiintsimbi ze-carbon alloy ephantsi kunye nephakathi, ezifana ne-20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMnTi, njl., kunye neentsimbi zekhabhoni eziphakathi, ezifana ne-45 steel.
• I-38CrMoAlA insimbi ye-nitride iyinto efanelekileyo kwiigesi ezibalulekileyo ezineemfuno eziphezulu. Ezinye izinto ezinokuthi zisetyenziselwe iigiya zothumelo ezinganyanzelisiyo ziquka intsimbi etyhidiweyo, iplywood, kunye nenayiloni.

4. Ukunyangwa kobushushu kweegiya

Kwinkqubo yegiya, iinkqubo ezimbini zokunyanga ubushushu zicwangciswa ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo:

I-1) Unyango lobushushu obungenanto: cwangcisa unyango lwangaphambi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo okanye ukuthambisa ngaphambi nangemva kokusebenza okungenanto kwezinyo, eyona njongo iphambili kukuphelisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olubangelwa kukubumba kunye nokurhabaxa, ukuphucula ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zoomatshini ezibanzi.

I-2) Unyango lobushushu bomphezulu wezinyo: Emva kokulungiswa kobume bezinyo, ukuze kuphuculwe ubulukhuni kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kwendawo yezinyo, ukuqina kwe-carburizing, ukuqina kwe-high-frequency induction heat ukuqina, i-carbonitriding kunye neenkqubo zokunyanga ubushushu be-nitriding zihlala ziqhutywa.

5. Izixhobo ezingenanto

Imathiriyeli yebha, ukubunjwa, kunye nokuphosa kwenza uninzi lwendlela engenanto yegiya. Izixhobo zebha zisetyenziselwa iigiya ezinobubanzi obuncinci ezinolwakhiwo oluthe ngqo kunye neemfuno zamandla amancinci. Iigiya ezinobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-400-600 mm zihlala zingenanto, kodwa ukubunjwa kwemisebenzi emininzi kuyenzeka rhoqo xa igiya ifuna ukomelela okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa, kunye nokuxhathisa impembelelo. Kwizixhobo ezinkulu nezisezantsi ezichanekileyo, amazinyo egiya angaphoswa ngokuthe ngqo ukunciphisa umatshini; kwiigiya ezincinci kunye nezintsonkothileyo ezimile, iinkqubo ezintsha ezinje ngesinyithi somgubo, ukuqengqeleka okushushu, ukukhutshwa okubandayo, ukuphoswa koxinzelelo, ukuphosa ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuphosa ngokuchanekileyo kungasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iibhiliti zamazinyo ngamazinyo egiya, ukuphucula imveliso yabasebenzi kunye nokugcina izinto ezikrwada.

Ukukhethwa kwesikimu somatshini wezinyo elingenanto

Kwigiya ye-shaft kunye ne-sleeve gear, inkqubo yokucubungula ngokusisiseko iyafana ne-shaft jikelele kunye ne-sleeve gear, inkqubo yokucubungula i-disc gear ixoxwa kakhulu.

Itekhnoloji yokulungisa izinyo elingenanto ikakhulu ixhomekeke kubume bomzimba wegiya kunye nohlobo lwemveliso.

(1) Inani elikhulu lemveliso yobuninzi bokulungiswa kwamazinyo

Xa kucutshungulwa inani elikhulu leebhilithi zezinyo eziphakathi, isicwangciso senkqubo "yokubhobhoza enye idonsa enye imoto yesixhobo" isetyenziswa:

1) Ukugrumba okanye ukubuyisela kwakhona ngesangqa sangaphandle esingenanto kunye nokuphela kokumiswa kobuso;

2) iLacon;

3) Isangqa sangaphandle, isiphelo sobuso, igrooving kunye ne-chamfering yemoto yokugqiba erhabaxa kwi-multi-tool semi-automatic lathe ibekwe enemingxuma.

Esi sikimu senkqubo sinokuqulunqwa kumgca wendibano okanye umgca ozenzekelayo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezisebenzayo zomatshini, ngoko ke ukuveliswa kwemveliso kuphezulu.

Isicwangciso senkqubo "yemoto yokutsala imoto" sisetyenziswa rhoqo ekusetyenzweni kweebhilidi zamazinyo eziveliswe kwiibhetshi.

I-1) Kwisangqa sangaphandle se-billet yezinyo okanye ukubekwa kwevili, ukuguqula kakuhle isangqa sangaphandle, ubuso bokuphela, kunye nomngxuma wangaphakathi; 2) Ukuxhasa umngxuma we-spline okanye umngxuma wokutsala usebenzisa ubuso bokuphela; 3) Ukulungelelanisa isangqa sangaphandle semoto entle kunye nobuso besiphelo kunye nemingxuma.

Esi sisombululo sinokufezekiswa ngeentambo ezinqamlekileyo okanye iileyile ze-turret kunye noomatshini bokubhobhoza. Ibonakaliswa ngumgangatho ozinzileyo wokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Xa umngxuma ongenanto izinyo unamanqwanqwa okanye isiphelo sobuso sinemingxuma, inokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo izixhobo ezininzi kwi-lathe ye-turret ukwenza i-multi-station machining, kwaye ugqibezele umatshini ongenanto izinyo kwi-lathe ye-turret ngexesha elinye.

Indlela yokulungisa izinyo legiya

Isicwangciso sokongeza izinyo legiya	Iklasi yokuchaneka kwezixhobo	Uburhabaxa bomphezulu wezinyo Raμm	uluhlu lwesicelo
ukugaya izixhobo	Ngaphantsi kwenqanaba le-9	6.3~3.2	Imveliso yokulungisa isiqwenga esinye, ukusetyenzwa kwegiya echanekileyo esezantsi yecylindrical, irack, igiya ye-bevel, izixhobo zeentshulube
ukukhangela izixhobo	Lv.7	1.6~0.4	Imveliso eninzi yeegiya ezisi-7 zangaphakathi, imveliso yangaphandle ye-broach, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa okuncinci
izixhobo zokuhombisa	Lv. 8 ukuya 7	3.2~1.6	Kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemveliso yobuninzi, ukusetyenzwa komgangatho ophakathi wegiya yesilinda yangaphandle kunye negiya yeentshulube
ukubunjwa kwezixhobo		1.6	Kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemveliso yobuninzi, ukusetyenzwa komgangatho ophakathi kunye neegiya zecylindrical zangaphakathi nangaphandle, iigiya ezininzi zokudibanisa kunye nerack encinci.
Ukuhonjiswa kwegiya okanye imilo – ukucima – ukulola izixhobo		0.8~0.4	Iigiya zokuqinisa ubuso
Hobbing – ukucheba amazinyo	Lv.7 ukuya ku-6	0.8~0.4	Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yobuninzi
Ukucheba – ukucheba – ukucima – ukuhombisa izixhobo	Lv.7 ukuya ku-6	0.4~0.2	Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yobuninzi
Ukuhobha igiya okanye imilo – ukucima – ukucola	Lv.6 ukuya ku-3	0.4~0.2	Ukulungiswa komphezulu wezinyo ezichanekileyo, imveliso ephantsi, ixabiso eliphezulu
Ukutshiza igiya okanye imilo – ukucola amazinyo	Lv.6 ukuya ku-3	0.4~0.2

Izinyo imilo machining of umsesane gear ngundoqo machining yonke gear. Zininzi iinkqubo zokusetyenzwa kweegiya, ezizezemilo yenkonzo yokulungisa igiya, injongo kukufumana ekugqibeleni igiya ehlangabezana neemfuno zokuchaneka.
Ngokomgaqo womatshini, ukumila kwezinyo kunokwahlulwa ngendlela yokwenza kunye nokuphuhlisa indlela. Indlela yokubumba yindlela yokusika umphezulu wezinyo kunye nesixhobo sokubumba esihambelana nesimo se-tooth groove yegiya eliza kunqunyulwa, njengamazinyo okugaya, ukuzoba amazinyo kunye nokwenza amazinyo okusila. Indlela yokuphuhlisa indlela yokusika umphezulu wezinyo ngokobudlelwane be-meshing phakathi kwesixhobo segiya kunye nesixhobo sokusebenza, esifana nokubhoboza, ukubumba igiya, ukutsheva, ukucola kunye nokuhombisa.
Ukhetho lwesikimu somatshini wokwenza izinyo ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kwibakala elichanekileyo, ukumila kolwakhiwo, uhlobo lwemveliso kunye neemeko zemveliso yegiya. Kwiigiya ezinamabakala ahlukileyo achanekileyo, iskimu somatshini wokwenza iimilo zezinyo sisetyenziswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1) Isixhobo esinebanga lesi-8 ngokuchaneka. Ukubhobhoza igiya okanye isilungisi segiya sinokuhlangabezana neemfuno. Kuba igiya elukhuni ingasetyenziswa: roll (faka) izinyo - izinyo ekupheleni machining - ukucima - isikimu ukulungisa umngxuma processing. Kodwa ukuchaneka komatshini wokumila kwezinyo kufuneka kuphuculwe ngaphambi kokucima.
2) 6-7 izixhobo ezichanekileyo. Kwizixhobo eziqinileyo zinokusetyenziswa: ukuhombisa rhabaxa - ukuhombisa kakuhle - ukulungisa izinyo ekupheleni - ukucheba kakuhle - ukucima umphezulu - ukulinganisa i-datum - ukuhombisa izixhobo.
3) Igiya ngebakala lesi-5 ngokuchaneka okanye ngaphezulu. Idla ngokusetyenziswa: ukuhobhisa okurhabaxa - ukuhombisa kakuhle - ukucofa izinyo - ukucima - ukulinganisa i-datum - ukucola - ukucola kakuhle. Ukugaya yindlela yokucoca ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nexabiso elincinci lomphezulu woburhalarhume kwiprofayili yezinyo ngoku, kwaye ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunokufikelela kumanqanaba angama-3-4.